Projection 投射 The fundamental mechanism of paranoia was the process of projection, in which an internal perception is repressed and reenters consciousness in a distorted form as an external perception. Freud reminds us, however, that projection does not play the same part in all forms of paranoia and, moreover, can be regarded as a much more general and relatively normal process. Whenever we refer the causes of internal sensations to external events rather than looking for internal causes, we are indulging in projection. 偏执症的基本机制是投射的过程，在这个过程中，内在的知觉被压抑，并以一种扭曲的形式作为外在知觉重新进入意识。然而，弗洛伊德提醒我们，投射在所有形式的偏执症中所起的作用是不同的，而且，投射可以被认为是一种更为普遍和相对正常的过程。当我们把内在感觉的原因找到外在事件，而不是寻找内在原因时，我们就沉溺于投射。 Schreber also had a conviction of the imminent destruction of the world. Freud saw this conviction in terms of the withdrawal of cathexis from the environment, so that the end of the world becomes a projection of the patient's inner catastrophe, the end of his subjective world due to the withdrawal of love. The delusional formation becomes, therefore, an attempt at recovery, a process of reconstruction in which the patient attempts to recapture his relationship to people and things. The repression which took the form of detachment of libido from external objects is undone in the process of recovery, which is carried out through projection. In paranoia, the libido that has been liberated by detachment becomes attached to the ego in the form of self-aggrandizement and megalomania. Thus there is a regression from sublimated homosexuality to narcisism which reflects the developmental fixation at the level of narcissistic object choice. 史瑞伯也坚信世界即将毁灭。弗洛伊德将这种信念看作是将精神投入从环境中抽离，因此世界的终结成为了病人内心灾难的投影，他的主观世界因为爱的收回而终结。因此，妄想症的形成变成了一种试图恢复的过程，一个重建的过程，在这个过程中，病人试图重新获得他与人、物的关系。以力比多与外界客体脱离的形式出现的压抑，在通过投射进行的恢复过程中被解除。在偏执症中，通过分离而被释出的力比多以自我膨胀和自大狂的形式依附于自我。因此，存在一个从升华的同性恋到自恋的退行，这种自恋反映了自恋客体选择水平上的发展固着。。 There are several cautionary notes that Freud adds to his treatment of the Schreber case. He laments the peculiar omission of chapter three of the Memoirs, in which the relationship of Schreber's experiences in his family were connected with his delusional convictions. Such material would be of the utmost importance in understanding the genesis of Schreber's paranoia, but we are able to reconstruct it only indirectly and partially from other sources, as we shall see. Freud also notes that social humiliations and slights often seem to have a role in the causation of paranoia, but discounts this as being secondary to and incidental to the underlying homosexual conlict. Despite his emphasis on the underlying homosexual conflict Freud makes an important qualification: 弗洛伊德在他对史瑞伯案例的处理中加入了几个警示性的注解。他对《回忆录》第三章的特殊遗漏感到惋惜，在第三章中，史瑞伯在家庭中的经历，与他的妄想信念之间联系了起来。这些材料对于理解史瑞伯的偏执症的起源是极其重要的,但是，我们只能从其他来源间接和部分地重建它，我们将看到这一点。弗洛伊德也注意到，社会上的羞辱和轻视似乎常常是造成偏执症的原因之一，但他认为这是潜在的同性恋冲突的次要和附带因素。尽管他强调潜在的同性恋冲突，弗洛伊德做了一个重要的限定: In taking this view,then,that what lies at the core of the conflict in cases of paranoia among males is a homosexual wishful fantasy of loving a man,we shall certainly not forget that the confirmation of such an important hypothesis can only follow upon the investigation of a large number of instances of every variety of paranoiac disorder. We must therefore be prepared, if need be, to limit our assertion to a single type of paranoia(1911, pp.62-63). 在讨论这一观点(男性偏执案例中居于冲突核心的是对爱一个男人的同性恋式的一厢情愿的幻想)时，我们当然不会忘记，只有对各种各样的偏执障碍的大量事例进行调查，才能证实这一重要假设。因此，我们必须准备好，如果需要的话，将我们的主张限制在单一类型的偏执症(1911年，第62-63页)。