Organic Syndromes and Psychological Factors 器质性综合征与心理因素 Paranoid symptoms have been manifested in a wide variety of organic syndromes in which psychological disturbances have been attendant on the evolution of the organic condition. The emergence of such paranoid symptoms may well be a concomitant of a rather nonspecific nature to the physical deterioration and debility associated with the organic pathology. The anatomical or physiological deficits play a role in an already developed personality constellation, and influence the adjustment of the organism which is derived from specific patterns of integration of premorbid personality functioning. 偏执症状表现在各种各样的器质性综合症中，在这些综合症中，心理障碍一直伴随着器质性病症的演变。这种偏执性症状的出现很可能是与机体病理相关的身体恶化和衰弱的一种非特异性的伴随物。解剖学或生理学上的缺陷在已经形成的人格结构中起着作用，并影响着机体的调整，而机体的调整来自于对先天人格功能的特定整合模式。 In cases in which paranoid symptomatology appears in association with an advancing physical pathology, it is reasonable to suppose that the disease process is taking effect in a personality structure which is already disposed toward a paranoid pattern of responsiveness. Other patients respond with diverse patterns of psychological disturbance—depression being one of the major patterns of response to such physical insult. Thus paranoid and often psychotic symptoms can be seen in a wide variety of endocrinological and metabolic disorders. All of the hormonal imbalance syndromes, as well as the metabolic disorders—including uremia and pernicious anemia and porphyria—as well as other systematic disorders, particularly those affecting the circulatory system, such as systematic lupus or hypertension or cardiovascular impairments of various kinds, can produce these kinds of symptoms. 在偏执症状与身体病理进展相关的情况下，有理由认为疾病过程正在对已经倾向于偏执性反应模式的人格结构产生影响。其他病人则以不同的心理障碍模式作出反应——抑郁症是对这种身体侮辱的主要反应模式之一。因此，偏执症状和经常性的精神病症状可以在各种内分泌和代谢紊乱中看到。所有的激素失衡综合征，以及代谢紊乱——包括尿毒症和恶性贫血和卟啉症[一种皮肤病]，以及其他系统性疾病，特别是影响循环系统的疾病，如系统性狼疮或高血压或各种心血管损害，都可以产生这类症状。