Infectious States 感染状态 Infectious disease states are particularly interesting. Ebaugh and Tiffany (1959) have suggested that the types of psychosis associated with infectious states can be divided into four distinct types: paranoid syndromes in which the paranoid delusional state is a dominant feature of the syndrome, functional psychoses which are secondary to organic pathology, acute deliriums, and finally organic defect syndromes which can be attributed to specific CNS lesions. A typical pattern in infection-based disorders is that of an initial delirium with impairments of consciousness, confusion, disorientation, and memory defect, followed as the delirium deepens by the development of delusions which are usually persecutory or phobic in quality. 感染性疾病状态尤其有趣。Ebaugh和Tiffany(1959)提出，与感染状态相关的精神病类型可分为四种不同的类型：以偏执妄想状态为主要特征的偏执性综合征、继发于器质性病变的功能性精神病、急性谵妄，最后是可归因于特定中枢神经系统病变的器质性缺陷综合征。感染性疾病的典型模式是，最初出现谵妄，并伴有意识障碍、精神错乱、定向力障碍和记忆缺陷，随后随着谵妄的加深，出现妄想，妄想的性质通常为迫害性或恐惧性。 Of particular note is the syndrome of general paresis associated with syphilitic infection. This syndrome was more frequently seen in a period when the treatment of syphilitic infections was less effective and general paresis was a common manifestation of tertiary syphilis. The central deficit is a dementia with intellectual deterioration and impairment of memory function. A significant number of general paretics show a pattern of paranoid symptomatology which is expansive and grandiose. Although grandiose delusions are a prominent feature—often associated with a psychotic identification, as some famous or powerful figure—persecutory delusions are also seen frequently enough and can on occasion result in outbreaks of violent and destructive behavior. 特别值得注意的是与梅毒感染相关的全身瘫痪综合征。这种综合征多见于梅毒感染治疗效果较差的时期，全身瘫痪是三级梅毒的常见表现。中枢性缺损是一种智力退化和记忆功能损害的痴呆症。相当多的一般瘫痪者表现为扩张性和宏大性的妄想症状模式。虽然妄想是一个突出的特征——通常与精神病性的认同有关，如一些著名的或有权势的人物，但迫害性妄想也经常见到，有时可导致暴力和破坏性行为的爆发。