Intolerance of Ambiguity 难以容忍模棱两可 The pressure toward premature formulation of attitudes and drawing of conclusions rests upon an underlying intolerance of ambiguity. The prejudiced mind has a strong need for clearcut and unambiguous categories, for a clear separation of categories of good and bad, and a clearcut organization of the structure of reality in terms of these dichotomous categories. It seeks to eliminate all ambiguity and ambivalence, so that its possessor's own inner self-doubt and insecurity can be resolved by his affiliation to the unequivocally good aspects and groupings of his environment. 过早地形成态度和得出结论的压力在于底层对于模棱两可的不能容忍。偏见的头脑强烈地需要有清晰不含糊的分类，需要把善与恶清楚地分开，需要用这些二分法把现实的结构清楚地组织起来。它试图消除所有的模糊性和矛盾心理，这样它的拥有者自己内在的自我怀疑和不安全感就可以通过他对环境的明确的好的方面和群体的从属关系来解决。 It should be noted finally that premature judgment and classification do not of themselves constitute prejudice, since almost all human thinking in some degree or other is marked by a degree of probability and uncertainty. But the element of premature judgment does become a prejudice when it shows itself to be irreversible in the face of new evidence and by its clinging to premature formulations. This aspect of prejudicial thinking best reflects the underlying pressure of unconscious motivations and marks the closest point of contact between prejudicial thinking and paranoid thinking. Both the paranoid and the prejudiced person have a strong investment in preserving their distorted beliefs and in maintaining them against the erosion of information or contradictory evidence. 最后应该指出，过早的判断和分类本身并不构成偏见，因为几乎所有人类的思维在某种程度上都具有一定程度的可能性和不确定性。但是，当过早的判断在面对新证据时表现出不可逆转的趋势，并坚持过早的结论时，它确实会成为一种偏见。这方面的偏见思维最好地反映了潜意识动机的潜在压力，并标志着偏见思维和偏执思维之间最密切的接触点。偏执者和有偏见的人都有很大的努力来维护他们扭曲的信念，使其不受信息或相互矛盾的证据的侵蚀。