Projections and Introjections 投射与内摄 Ellen's auditory hallucinations, which were a relatively constant feature of her pathology, accused her of being a prostitute, of sleeping with blacks, and of being a lesbian. We have seen similar phenomena in other hallucinating patients. The accusations form the substance of demeaning and devaluing accusations—a form of superego projection in which the critical agency is located outside the subject. It seems immediately apparent that Ellen's critical and devaluing projections were related to the introjection of the bad, sadistic, and destructive mother. 埃伦的幻听是她的一个相对固定的病理特征，这个声音指控她是妓女，与黑人上床，是女同性恋。我们在其他产生幻觉的患者身上也见过类似的现象。这些指责构成了贬损和贬低指责的实质——一种超我投射的形式，在这种投射中，批评的主体被定位于主体之外。很明显，埃伦的批评和贬低的投射与对那个坏的、虐待狂的、破坏性的母亲的内摄有关。 Thus Ellen carried within her a source of inner conflict and turmoil. Her mother's blaming and shaming attitudes became her own and were directed inexorably against herself. Her inner world became shrouded in doubt and a sense of shame and blame. Her inner sense of self-possession and autonomy was precarious. She was pressured internally to defend herself by an arrogant attitude of pseudosuperiority and by violent attacks on those who she thought were looking down on her or thinking poorly of her. In doing this, she was adopting and adapting the modalities of defense she had seen so often on the part of her mother. Mother was given to demeaning others and giving herself airs of social superiority—thinking herself one of the "blue bloods"—in an attempt to defend against and protect herself from her own inner feelings of inferiority and poverty of position. It was mother also who would lash out in outbursts of temper, throwing things and attacking members of the family in enraged loss of control in the face of the frustration of her wishes or of failure on the part of others to support her feelings of self-importance and effectiveness. Ellen lived out in her own terms the model that she had continually before her. 这样，埃伦的身体里就带着一个内部矛盾和混乱的源泉。她母亲的责备和羞辱态度变成了她自己的态度，无情地指向她自己。她的内心世界笼罩在怀疑、羞愧和责备之中。她内心的自制力和自主性是不稳固的。她的内心受到压力，导致她通过假装优越的傲慢态度，以及对那些她认为看不起她或觉得她穷的人进行暴力攻击，来为自己防御。在这样做的过程中，她采用和调整了她母亲经常采用的防御方式。母亲惯于贬低别人，摆出一副社会优越的姿态——自认为是“贵族”——试图抵御和保护自己，使自己免受劣等和贫困的内心感受。母亲也会在脾气爆发时攻击别人，扔东西，在因愤怒失去控制时攻击家人。这种时候，往往是她的愿望受挫，或是其他人没能支持她感觉自己很重要很能干的感觉。埃伦以她自己的方式活出了母亲之前一直拥有的那种模式。 The overwhelming influence of this relationship with her mother and the corresponding introjection reflects the intensity of Ellen's need to depend on her mother, as well as her intense inner wish to be loved by and close to her mother—the other side of her ambivalence. Elen displayed in a graphic manner the inner duality of such introjects—the simultaneous wish to preserve and be close to the object, along with the intense wish to destroy and eliminate the hated object. This reflects and derives from the tremendous ambivalence that inheres in the relationship. It is nearly always a predominant feature of all symbiotic relationships. The symbiosis is intensified and prolonged by the intense ambivalence toward the object. To separate is to reject—and equivalently to destroy. In the face of such destructive wishes real separation becomes well-nigh impossible. 这种与母亲的关系所产生的压倒性的影响和相应的内摄反映了埃伦对依赖母亲的强烈需求，以及她内心深处渴望被母亲爱和亲近的强烈愿望——她矛盾心理的另一面。埃伦以一种图形化的方式展示了这种内摄的内在二元性——保存和接近客体的愿望，与摧毁和消除所恨客体的强烈愿望同时存在。这反映并源于这种关系中固有的巨大的矛盾心理。它几乎总是所有共生关系的主要特征。这种共生关系因对客体强烈的矛盾心理而强化和延长。分离就是拒绝，等同于毁灭。面对这些毁灭性的愿望，真正的分离几乎是不可能的。 The threat to autonomy is inextricably bound up with this inner vicissitude of the symbiotic union. Not only does the ambivalence pose a destructive threat to the object, but it poses an inner threat as well, and the inner threat may often be the more catastrophic. The patient feels that to separate from the real object requires the surrender of the inner object as well. And if the inner object is destroyed and annihilated, there will be nothing left—the subject will be reduced to nothing, destroyed, annihilated. The hatred for the object becomes, through introjection, a hatred of the self, and the wish to annihilate the object poses the threat of annihilation of the self. The sense of inner autonomy becomes fragile and precarious. The result is that—as in Ellen's case—the patient's autonomy is threated both internally and externally. In this context, Ellen's severe decompensation in the face of her mother's life threatening condition becomes understandable. 对自主性的威胁与这种共生联盟的内在变迁密不可分。这种矛盾心理不仅对客体构成了毁灭性的威胁，而且也构成了内在的威胁，而内在的威胁往往更具灾难性。病人觉得与真实的客体中分离，也需要放弃内在的客体。如果内在的客体被毁灭和湮灭了，那就什么也不会剩下了——主体也就会化为虚无，毁灭，湮灭。对客体的憎恨，通过内摄，变成了对自我的憎恨，而消灭客体的愿望构成了消灭自我的威胁。内心的自主性变得脆弱而不稳定。结果，就像埃伦的情况一样，病人的自主性受到了内部和外部的威胁。在这样的背景下，面对母亲的生命威胁，埃伦的严重失代偿就变得可以理解了。