An important point that emerges with particular poignancy in the present case is that the paranoid system has a unique relation to the formation and maintenance of value systems. In many cases this aspect of the paranoid problem remains muted, but in Fred's case the issue of values rises to the surface and presents itself with special intensity. Fred conceptualized and presented his divergence from society in terms of his rejection of the values and ideals of that society. From one point of view this became a relatively effective rationalization for his paranoid construction and the paranoid system. But from another point of view, the values that he adhered to so intently were an integral part of the identity that he had fashioned and which the paranoid construction was calculated to preserve. The problem that his case focuses is that these values are not totally idiosyncratic—as they might be in the case of a withdrawn and acutely psychotic paranoid— but they are shared at large by a significant proportion of the population, and they are relatively acceptable to reasonable men on realistic grounds. The value system allows him to mesh his deviant views with other like-minded individuals to achieve some sense of group solidarity, and to gain support and reinforcement for his own paranoid construction. 在本病例中，一个尤为突出且重要的观点是，偏执系统与价值体系的形成和维护之间存在着独特的关系。在许多情况下，偏执问题中的这一方面并未被明显察觉，但在弗雷德的案例中，价值观问题浮出水面，并表现得尤为强烈。弗雷德以他对社会价值观和理想的拒绝来概念化和展现自己与社会的分歧。从某种角度看，这成为了他偏执构建和偏执系统相对有效的合理化依据。但从另一个角度看，他所坚守的价值观是他精心塑造的身份不可或缺的一部分，而偏执构建正是为了维护这一身份。他的病例所聚焦的问题是，这些价值观并非完全独特（如极度退缩和精神错乱的偏执者可能表现出的那样），而是被相当一部分人所广泛共享，并且在现实基础上为理性人士所相对接受。这一价值体系使他得以将自身偏颇之见与志同道合者相结合，从而获得某种群体团结感，并为其偏执构建赢得支持与强化。 As our understanding of the structure of paranoid thought processes grows, it seems increasingly likely that the problem of value formation and value functioning must be considered as more central to the understanding of paranoia rather than peripheral. In Fred's case they played a complex role, both as a medium of expression of his paranoid construction, but also as a central dimension of that construction and as a motivating and integrating force in the corresponding preservation of Fred's fragile and faltering identity. Fred was able to define his identity around the central core of these values, a central core that he could defensively sustain and foster through the paranoid construction. It is this aspect of value formation and value functioning that directly and immediately focuses the socially disruptive and damaging aspects of this kind of paranoia. For there is no place in the economy of social growth and creativity that the integration of youthful energies with the traditions and institutions of society is more central than in the development, creation, progression, and integration of human values. 随着我们对偏执思维过程结构的理解不断深入，价值形成和价值功能的问题似乎越来越有可能被视为理解偏执的核心，而非边缘问题。在弗雷德的案例中，这些问题扮演了复杂的角色，既是其偏执构建的表达方式，也是该构建的核心维度，同时还是维护和整合他脆弱且动摇的身份的驱动力量。弗雷德能够围绕这些价值观的核心来定义自己的身份，并通过偏执构建来防御性地维持和培养这一核心。正是价值形成和价值功能的这一方面，直接且立即地凸显了这种偏执对社会造成的破坏性和损害性影响。因为在社会成长和创造力的体系中，没有哪个方面比人类价值观的发展、创造、进步和整合更能体现年轻活力与传统及社会制度相融合的核心地位。