The Revolutionary Dilemma 革命困境 It seems to me that these are tricky issues. I am not sure how to resolve them. The revolutionary mentality in general is legitimated by real injustice and real oppression. It was clear to me that much of what Fred saw as injustice and oppression did not seem that way to me. There was much of what he complained about that I was able to accept as part of a viable, if imperfect, social structure, or as a necessary inconvenience or inefficiency of large and cumbersome social organizations. Even something as distasteful as the draft, for example, did not seem like a heinous plot on the part of cruel government machinators to enslave and kill the youth of the country. Given the complexities of contemporary international politics and the need for national defense, I could accept it as a relatively necessary evil. Fred could not. But even so, there was a great deal of what he complained about that I felt in partial or complete sympathy with. The real injustices should be eliminated. 在我看来，这些都是棘手的问题。我不知道该如何解决它们。一般来说，革命思想是由真正的不公和压迫所催生的。我很清楚，弗雷德视为不公和压迫的许多事情，在我看来并非如此。他抱怨的很多事情，我都能接受为虽不完美但可行的社会结构的一部分，或是庞大而笨拙的社会组织中必要的麻烦或低效之处。就连征兵这样令人不快的事情，例如，在我看来，也不像是残酷政府阴谋家为了奴役和杀害国家青年而策划的骇人听闻的阴谋。考虑到当代国际政治的复杂性以及国防的需要，我可以接受这是一种相对必要的恶。但弗雷德无法接受。但即便如此，对于他抱怨的很多事情，我仍感到部分或完全的同情。真正的不公应该被消除。 But how? Fred's insistence was that violent overthrow and destruction was the only realizable way. The hated enemy—the authority figures and their institutions—must be destroyed. He found it very difficult to conceive of or accept any idea of working within the system to reform the system, of using the resources of the system to bring about the desired changes. He demanded instant and uncompromising change, a peremptory demand that would brook no opposition and no delay. This served as an excellent index of the extent to which his demand reflected more infantile and primary-process-dominated aspects of his position. The image of his wish to batter down the wall with his hand drew this aspect of the problem into clearer focus for him. He could see little by little that his more radical and revolutionary approach in fact did not succeed in knocking down the establishment wall—it only gave him a broken hand. He increasingly saw the degree and manner in which infantile residues contaminated and distorted his political radicalism, and this perception distressed him, because he realized its ineffectual and self-defeating parameters. He began to pose the question for himself as to what more realistic and effective means he might find to gain his cherished objectives. 但该怎么做呢？弗雷德坚持认为，暴力推翻和摧毁是唯一可行的方法。他憎恨的敌人——权威人物及其机构——必须被摧毁。他发现，自己很难构想或接受任何在系统内部工作以改革系统、利用系统资源来实现所需变革的想法。他要求立即且毫不妥协的变革，这是一种不容反对、不容拖延的强硬要求。这很好地表明，他的要求更多地反映了他立场中幼稚且受初级过程支配的方面。他想要用手推倒墙壁的愿望形象，使问题的这一方面在他心中更加清晰。他逐渐意识到，他那种更激进、更革命的做法实际上并没有成功推倒当权派的墙壁——反而只让他的手受了伤。他越来越清楚地看到，幼稚的残余如何以某种程度和方式玷污并扭曲了他的政治激进主义，这种认识让他感到苦恼，因为他意识到了这种做法的无效性和自败性。他开始为自己提出这样一个问题：他能否找到更现实、更有效的手段来实现他珍视的目标。 As time went on and the material piled up, Fred became more and more aware of what was entailed in his reactions to things. His more infantile rage became more and more dystonic and distressing to him. As this aspect emerged, his political activity came to be more constructively channeled and less extreme. This, however, raised a problem for him, and he found himself in a difficult bind. Could he give up his infantile resentment and still remain a revolutionary, still committed to the ideals and values that he held so dear? In brief terms, he could not disentangle his underlying resentment from his radical and revolutionary perspective. To surrender the one meant to surrender the other. On this reef, I think, the therapy foundered. He could not maintain his revolutionary fervor and fanaticism without the infantile rage to drive it. In retrospect I feel that his ingestion of mescaline leading to rehospitalization and the disruption of his treatment with me reflects his recommitment to the basic rage. 随着时间的推移，资料越积越多，弗雷德越来越清楚地意识到自己对事物的反应背后所隐含的意义。他那种较为幼稚的愤怒变得越来越与他格格不入，也让他越来越苦恼。随着这一方面的显现，他的政治活动开始变得更有建设性，也不再那么极端。然而，这给他带来了一个问题，使他陷入了两难的境地。他能否放弃自己幼稚的怨恨，同时仍然做一名革命者，仍然坚守他视若珍宝的理想和价值观？简而言之，他无法将自己内心深处的怨恨与他激进、革命的观点剥离开来。放弃其中一个就意味着放弃另一个。我认为，正是在这个礁石上，治疗遭遇了挫折。没有幼稚的愤怒作为驱动力，他无法保持自己的革命热情和狂热。回想起来，我觉得他服用麦斯卡林后导致再次住院，以及中断与我的治疗，反映了他再次投身于那种基本的愤怒之中。