Political Involvement 政治参与 Student politics offered him a ready-made channel by which he could both gain the respect of other students and achieve a degree of closeness with them, as well as a vehicle by which he could express his anger and resentment against society and its institutions. He became more and more involved in student politics in the university and developed a reputation as a student activist and radical. He threw himself into this activity with tremendous energy. He became quite facile in organizing and manipulating student groups and in mobilizing them in support of certain political causes on the campus. He organized and directed a number of demonstrations and campaigns in the university. Finally, toward the end of his third year, he ran as the vice-presidential candidate on the student radical ticket. He was riding high at that point. He was caught up in the election campaign in a manic fashion. He went about it with considerable energy—making speeches, organizing meetings, conducting the entire campaign himself. He poured out tremendous energy in trying to make it a success. He tried to make it a "campaign on the issues," as he put it—rather than a personality contest. His major opponent was a not-too-bright hockey player who had no real conception of what politics was all about, and Fred felt assured in his own mind that he was running a successful campaign and felt confident of his victory. However—he lost. 学生政治为他提供了一个现成的渠道，他既可以借此获得其他学生的尊重，也可以与他们建立一定程度的亲密关系，同时，学生政治也成为了他表达对社会及其机构愤怒和怨恨的工具。他越来越多地参与大学的学生政治，并以学生激进分子和极端分子的身份而闻名。他以巨大的精力投身于这项活动。他在组织和操纵学生团体，以及动员他们支持校园内的某些政治事业方面变得相当娴熟。他在大学里组织和领导了多次示威和运动。最后，在三年级的最后阶段，他作为激进派学生的副总统候选人参加了竞选。他当时风头正劲。他以狂热的方式参与了竞选活动。他精力充沛地进行竞选活动——发表演讲，组织会议，亲自领导整个竞选活动。他倾注了巨大的精力，试图使其取得成功。他试图将其变成一场“就事论事的竞选”，正如他所说的那样，而不是一场人格竞赛。他的主要对手是一个不太聪明的曲棍球运动员，对政治一无所知，弗雷德确信自己的竞选活动很成功，对胜利充满信心。然而，他落选了。 The election loss was a severe disappointment and a difficult narcissistic trauma. He had lost when he felt most assured of victory. The loss was a severe disappointment because it short-circuited his ambitions and hopes and plans for the future. His disappointment was intense, and he responded by plunging into a period of rather severe depression. Despite his depression, he managed to finish the school year. However, at the end of the school year came another disappointment which added another insult to his shaky self-image. During the year he had become quite involved with a girl in his class, and they had begun living together and sleeping together. This relationship persisted for several months. But at the end of the school year, the girl decided that her relationship to Fred was undesirable and that he was too unstable for any permanent sort of tie. She told him this and broke off the arrangement. Fred felt the loss and rejection severely. He became increasingly depressed. He tried to throw himself into a variety of activities to overcome the bitterness, resentment, and loneliness that he felt so acutely. 选举的失败是一个沉重的打击，也是一次难以承受的自恋创伤。当他感到最有把握获胜的时候，他却落选了。失败是一个沉重的打击，因为它阻断了他的野心、希望和未来计划。他感到极度失望，因此陷入了一段相当严重的抑郁期。尽管他很沮丧，但他还是设法完成了该学年。然而，在学年结束时，又发生了一件令他失望的事情，这对他摇摇欲坠的自我形象无疑是雪上加霜。这一年里，他和班里的一个女孩关系很好，他们开始同居和同睡。这种关系持续了好几个月。但在学年结束时，女孩认为她和弗雷德的关系并不理想，弗雷德太不稳定，无法建立任何长久的关系。她告诉弗雷德后，就中断了关系。弗雷德感到严重的失落和被拒绝。他变得越来越沮丧。他试图投身于各种活动，以克服他深切感受到的痛苦、怨恨和孤独。 He threw himself into a furor of organizing activities. He began forming some of the students at the university into political groups, organized in a rather vague and nonspecific way for the defense of America. His description of the specific function and purpose of these groups was rather nebulous, but had some relationship to problems about military secrets, the war in Vietnam, government plots—in general, reflecting his intense concern at that time for the protection of the downtrodden student minorities from the influences of established institutions, both governmental and educational. There was a decidedly paranoid flavor to these organizing activities, but the paranoia was distilled into his political motivation. 他狂热地投身于组织活动。他开始将大学里的一些学生组成政治团体，以一种相当模糊和非特定的方式组织起来保卫美国。他对这些团体的具体职能和宗旨的描述相当模糊，但与军事机密、越南战争、政府阴谋等问题有关，总的来说，这反映了他当时对保护受压迫的学生少数群体免受政府和教育机构等既定机构影响的强烈关注。这些组织活动带有明显的偏执色彩，但偏执被提炼成了他的政治动机。 His behavior at this point was extremely agitated and quite excitable, with all kinds of crazy thoughts running through his head in a disorganized and "hyper" fashion. He continued to use pot and acid with his friends. His obsessions with persecution, his flight of ideas, and his fear of losing his mind or of having others control his mind and his behavior increased over the ensuing weeks. Under the pressure and stress of these ideas he would become quite agitated, feeling angry and conceiving resentful ideas. One night he seized a crowbar and went out to a nearby highway. He felt incensed and infuriated at the cars on the highway, feeling that they were infringing on his constitutional rights and were preventing him from crossing the highway. He was determined to put a stop to this and to attack these machines that were so unfeeling and so uncaring of him and to destroy them. He placed himself in the middle of the road, brandishing the crowbar and threatening to hit the cars with it if they came near him. While he was doing this, he carried on an angry shouting tirade against the motorists in the cars. It was not long before the police showed up and took him into custody. From that point he made his way quickly to our hospital. 此时他的行为极度激动，相当容易激动，各种疯狂的想法以一种杂乱无章和“过度”的方式在他的脑海中闪过。他继续和朋友们一起吸毒。在接下来的几周里，他越来越痴迷于迫害，思绪纷飞，害怕失去理智或让别人控制自己的思想和行为。在这些想法的重压下，他会变得相当激动，感到愤怒并产生怨恨的想法。一天晚上，他拿起一根撬棍，走到附近的高速公路上。他对公路上的汽车感到愤怒和愤怒，觉得他们侵犯了他的宪法权利，阻止他过马路。他决心阻止这一切，攻击这些对他如此无情、如此冷漠的机器，并摧毁它们。他站在路中间，挥舞着撬棍，威胁说如果汽车靠近他，他就用撬棍砸它们。当他这样做的时候，他对着车里的司机大喊大叫。不久警察就出现了，把他拘留了起来。从那时起，他很快就来到了我们的医院。 Fred seems to have reconstituted after this first decompensation but the degree of recompensation is questionable. It seems likely that he reconstituted to a level of paranoid adjustment in which the delusional process was present and active, but he was not out and out crazy. He was suspicious, guarded, and subject to ideas of reference, but the delusional content during this intermediate period seems to have been focused on the more general level of his feeling that he was the victim of corrupt social processes and evil social structures. His anger and resentment were directed against the "system"—and it was against this that he worked so actively and energetically in his political campaigns. The delusional system was thus effectively channeled into these political activities, The loss of the election was a blow and a disappointment—but one that was seen in specifically paranoid terms. In the face of his disappointment, Fred felt that the election had been rigged, and he was quite convinced that the university administration had engaged in some dirty-dealing and behind-the-back politicking which resulted in his loss. The loss of the election and the loss of his girl friend seemed to have been narcissistic affronts which he could not tolerate and which plunged him into a depressive position that he could not tolerate. The result was the subsequent exacerbation of his psychotic symptoms which evolved over a period of several weeks. And finally, of course, his psychotic rage erupted into the delusional outburst and agitation that we have described. 弗雷德似乎在第一次失代偿后进行了重建，但再代偿的程度值得怀疑。貌似他重建到偏执调整的水平，即妄想过程仍然存在和活跃，但他并没有完全疯狂。他多疑、戒备心强，容易受到牵连观念的影响，但在这一中间阶段，妄想的内容似乎集中在他感觉自己是腐败社会过程和邪恶社会结构的受害者的更一般层面上。他的愤怒和怨恨是针对“制度”的，他在政治运动中积极、精力充沛地反对这一制度。因此，妄想系统被有效地引导到这些政治活动中，选举的失败是一个打击和失望，但却是一个以偏执为特征的打击和失望。面对失望，弗雷德觉得选举被操纵了，他确信大学管理部门进行了一些肮脏的交易和背后政治活动，导致他落选。选举的失败和女朋友的失去似乎是他无法容忍的自恋冒犯，这使他陷入了他无法忍受的抑郁状态。其结果是随后几周他精神病症状的加剧。最后，当然，他的精神病性愤怒爆发为我们前面所描述的妄想发作和激动。