Paranoid Mechanisms 偏执机制 These introjective elements served as the basis for Gloria's projections. The destructive elements were translated into evil intentions that threatened to harm or destroy her. The people around her in varying degree and at different times wanted to hurt her, reject her, put her down, make her appear stupid or useless, or even at the moments of more intense paranoia wanted to kill her. She clung to her picture of herself as a helpless, and passive victim of these external threats. It was easier and safer for her to regard herself as fearful and passive than for her to face the picture of herself as angry and destructive. The problem, of course, was that she could not accept any responsibility for her own anger and rage without at the same time facing her own inner perception of herself as evil, hateful, worthless, and powerfully destructive. 这些内摄元素成为格洛丽亚投射的基础。破坏性的元素被转化为威胁要伤害或毁灭她的邪恶意图。她周围的人在不同程度上，在不同的时间想要伤害她，拒绝她，贬低她，让她显得愚蠢或无用，在强烈偏执的时候，甚至是想要杀死她。她坚持认为自己是这些外部威胁的无助和被动的受害者。对她来说，把自己看成是恐惧和被动的人，要比把自己看成是愤怒和破坏性的人更容易，也更安全。当然，问题是，如果她不能面对自己内心认为自己是邪恶的、憎恨的、无用的和极具破坏性的看法，她就不能为自己的愤怒和狂怒承担任何责任。 The alternation between paranoid fearfulness and depressive self-hate shaped Gloria's clinical course. As she retreated from her paranoid stance in the more acute phase of her illness, there emerged intense feelings of self-hate, self-blame, guilt, shame, intense sadness, and the anguish of loss and abandonment that we have described. It was clear that her paranoid stance was substantially a defense against these painful and tormenting feelings. The paranoid construction is born out of the need to avoid the ultimate condemnation of self. The alignment of the introjects makes it impossible for the paranoid patient to accept anger without accepting with it all the worst distortions and magical destructiveness of the internalized introjects. These must be discharged, disowned, dispelled—thrust out and completely dissociated from the self. The anal image of the discharge of evil and repugnant feces comes to life. The paranoid construction reorganizes the patient's perception and interpretation of reality in such a way as to account for the desperate circumstances he finds himself in, and to dissociate and absolve him from the ultimate condemnation that threatens him. The evil must be located elsewhere. 偏执的恐惧和压抑的自我憎恨之间的交替塑造了格洛丽亚的临床过程。当她在病情较严重的阶段从偏执的立场上退却时，出现了强烈的自我憎恨、自责、内疚、羞耻，强烈的悲伤，以及我们已经描述过的失去和被遗弃的痛苦。很明显，她偏执的立场实质上是对这些痛苦和折磨的感觉的防御。偏执建构是出于避免自我终极谴责的需要而产生的。与内摄的对齐使偏执病人，在不接受内化的内摄对象所有最糟糕的扭曲和神奇的破坏性的情况下，不可能接受愤怒。这些东西必须被释放，被否认，被抛弃——被推出，并与自我完全分离。排出邪恶和令人厌恶的粪便的肛欲期意象栩栩如生。偏执建构重组了病人对现实的感知和解释，从而解释了他所处的绝望处境，并使他从威胁他的最终谴责中解脱出来，获得宽恕。邪恶一定在别处。