Blaming 指责 Henry's paranoia expressed itself primarily in his reluctance to accept any responsibility for his condition and state of life and his consistent displacement of responsibility to objects around him. He blamed the women with whom he had been involved for the failure of his relationships with them. He blamed his aunt and uncle for their hardheartedness and callousness. Things went wrong because they put too much pressure on him, because they made impossible demands on him, because they refused to give him enough money, etc., etc. He blamed his father for not keeping the family together, for killing his mother, for abandoning him to his relatives, for not caring or loving him, etc. He blamed his wife for not loving him enough, for being too dependent on her parents, for making more demands on him than he could meet. Now here in all this is there any suggestion that he might have had a role in his disappointments and failures, or that things might have turned out differently had he been more resourceful or self-reliant. He could not see that his own expectations that other people should take responsibility and deliver him from his burdens was a major contributing factor to his problems. 亨利的偏执主要表现为他不愿为自己的处境和生活状态承担任何责任，而是始终将责任推卸给周围的事物。他将自己与女性关系失败归咎于那些与他有过纠葛的女性。他指责叔叔婶婶冷酷无情。他认为之所以诸事不顺，是因为他们给他施加了太大压力，对他提出了不可能满足的要求，拒绝给他足够的钱，等等。他责怪父亲没有让家庭保持完整，害死了母亲，将他丢给亲戚，不关心他，不爱他，等等。他埋怨妻子不够爱他，过于依赖她的父母，对他提出的要求超出了他的能力范围。在这一切之中，是否有任何迹象表明，他可能在自己的失望和失败中扮演了某种角色，或者如果他更有办法或更自立，事情的结果可能会有所不同？他没有意识到，自己期望别人承担责任、为他卸下负担，这是他问题的一个重要成因。 The blaming mechanism was his ready resource. When his affair with the nurse turned to disappointment, he quickly cast the blame on his doctor friend—who got him into the mess by introducing him to the girl and who would not take care of him and protect him as Henry felt he should. In the hospital when the question was raised of his difficulties in relating to other patients and his inability to communicate to any of the people in his environment, the blame was put on them because they were so ungiving, so uncommunicative, so unresponsive, so uncaring, so withdrawn. The blaming mechanism reached its greatest intensity in Henry's delusional convictions that his relatives were trying to hurt him, to make him grovel and to see him writhe in pain and misery and suffering. In his most paranoid moments, he saw them as slowly and agonizingly trying to kill him, just as they tried to kill his mother. 责备机制是他随手可用的资源。当他和那位护士的恋情令他失望时，他迅速将责任归咎于他的朋友——那位医生，因为是医生把他介绍给那个女孩，让他陷入这场麻烦，而且医生没有像他认为应该的那样照顾和保护他。在医院里，当被问及他与其他病人相处困难、无法与周围环境中的任何人交流时，他将责任推给了他们，因为他们如此吝啬、沉默寡言、反应冷淡、漠不关心、孤僻。亨利的妄想信念中，责备机制达到了顶峰，他坚信他的亲戚们正试图伤害他，让他卑躬屈膝，看着他痛苦、悲惨地挣扎和受苦。在他最偏执的时刻，他甚至觉得他们正在缓慢而痛苦地试图杀死他，就像他们试图杀死他的母亲一样。 Henry is a good example of what I would call the "unsuccessful paranoid." His use of denial and projection are not adequate to protect him from the depressive core of his illness. The depression and the paranoia become linked together. The paranoia does not succeed—as it so often does in paranoid patients—in relieving him of the burden of depression. The depression persists and at times seems exacerbated by his paranoid attitudes. The more intense his resentment and rage against these offending objects and the more bitter his blaming of them for what they have done to him, the more intensely does he feel himself to be the helpless victim and the deeper does he sink into self-destructive despair. 亨利是我所称的“不成功的偏执者”的一个典型例子。他使用否认和投射的防御机制，不足以保护他免受疾病核心——抑郁的侵袭。抑郁和偏执交织在一起。偏执并没有像通常在偏执患者身上那样，成功减轻他的抑郁负担。抑郁持续存在，有时甚至因他的偏执态度而加重。他对这些冒犯他的对象越是愤恨和愤怒，越是苦涩地责备他们对他所做的一切，他就越觉得自己是无助的受害者，越陷入自我毁灭的绝望深渊。