Developmental Implications 发展的影响 An additional point can be made regarding the Oedipal configuration. Our consideration thus far has been primarily in terms of the impact of the introjective organization on the Oedipal alignment and the essential foundation which this implies for the subsequent projection through which the paranoid process is manifested. In fact, one of the primary indicators of the introjective influence in this situation is the susceptibility to projection as well as the regressive influence of drive derivatives. Clearly, the projective elements that we have been discussing in Karen's case reflect both of those dimensions. However, we can shift the emphasis for the moment and look at the Oedipal situation, not simply in terms of its reflection in paranoid mechanisms, but more specifically as an outcome of the operation of the paranoid process. 关于俄狄浦斯情结的结构还可以提出另外一点。到目前为止，我们主要考虑的是内摄组织对俄狄浦斯对齐的影响，以及这为后来的投射所暗示的基本基础，偏执的过程就是通过这种投射表现出来的。事实上，在这种情况下，内摄影响的主要指标之一是对投射的敏感性以及驱力派生物的退化影响。显然，我们在卡伦案例中讨论的投射元素反映了这两个维度。然而，我们可以暂时转移一下重点，看看俄狄浦斯情结的情况，不仅仅是它在偏执机制中的反映，更具体地说，是偏执过程运作的结果。 We are touching here upon a broader implication of the functioning of the paranoid process, not simply in terms of identifiable pathology, but more broadly in terms of its influence in the developmental process—even in the normal progression of psychological health. Conceived in broader terms, the paranoid process functions to define and establish and give coherent organization to the inner world, specifically in the organization and sustaining of a sense of self. Such an internal organization requires a correlative and parallel separation of self from the surrounding environment—physical and personal and social. Thus, while the paranoid process acts to maximize a sense of internal consistency, it does so only at the price of definition against and separation from the outside world. 我们在这里接触到偏执过程功能的更广泛的含义，不仅仅是在可识别的病理学方面，而是在更广泛的发展过程中的影响——甚至在心理健康的正常发展过程中。从更广泛的角度来看，偏执过程的功能是定义、建立和赋予内部世界一致的组织，特别是在组织和自我意识的维持方面。这样的内部组织需要将自我与周围环境——物理的、个人的、社会的——进行相关的、平行的分离。因此，尽管偏执过程的作用是最大化内部一致性的感觉，但它这样做的代价是与外部世界的对立和分离。 The Oedipal configuration can thus be conceived in terms of a necessary evolution in this process of self-definition and separation. The child must somehow define himself not only in relation to but as separate from both parental figures. An important stage in this evolution of definition and separation takes place by reason of the definition of self through the adherence to one parental figure, thereby achieving a separation of self from the other parental figure. The defining and separating must go on in both directions, however, so that a similar process of defining adherence and separation must take place in the opposite direction. 因此，在这个自我定义和分离的过程中，俄狄浦斯情结的结构可以被认为是必要的进化。孩子必须以某种方式定义自己，不仅与父母的形象有关，而且要与父母的形象分开。在这个定义和分离的进化过程中，一个重要的阶段是通过对一个父母形象的依附来定义自我，从而实现自我与另一个父母形象的分离。然而，定义和分离必须在两个方向上进行，因此定义粘附和分离的类似过程必须在相反的方向上进行。 The working of defining and separating is tied up with the mechanisms of introjection and projection. The inner definition takes place through introjection and the outer separation takes place through projection. Normally, this process works itself through to an increasingly stable and clear definition of self so that the defensive aspects of the process of introjection and projection become modified and minimized. The problem for Karen, in a sense, was that the junction of the paranoid process in achieving this sense of definition and separation was not able to move beyond the level of alternating between the ambivalent aspects of her involvement with the parental figures. This was in part due to the influence of pregenital determinants which contaminated the growth potential of these processes by activating defensive needs and accompanying ambivalence, the intensity of which Karen could not tolerate without resorting to defensive postures including the splitting of introjective elements. 定义和分离的工作与内摄和投射机制密切相关。内在的定义是通过内摄发生的，外在的分离是通过投射发生的。正常情况下，这个过程本身会逐渐形成一个稳定而清晰的自我定义，从而使内摄和投射过程中的防御方面得到修正和最小化。卡伦的问题，在某种意义上，是偏执过程在实现这种定义和分离的节骨眼上，不能超越她与父母形象矛盾方面相互交替的水平。这在一定程度上是由于前性器期决定因素的影响，这些因素通过激活防御需求和伴随矛盾心理，污染了这些过程的生长潜力。如果不采取防御姿态，包括分裂内摄因素，卡伦就无法忍受这种矛盾情绪的强度。 The role of penis envy in this case prompts me to make a comment about it. We have had occasion in surveying the various aspects of the paranoid process to note the relationship of the process to the problem of envy and jealousy. Penis envy would seem to fall under this rubric as a special case of the working out of paranoid mechanisms within the developmental context. The paranoid process utilizes differences, no matterhow minimal or otherwise inconsequential, in the interest of defining self through definition of differences. The focus on differences, of course, is utilized in the interest of separation of self as an integral aspect of the defining process. 在这种情况下，阴茎嫉妒的作用促使我对此发表评论。在调查偏执过程的各个方面时，我们曾经有机会注意这个过程与先生和嫉妒问题之间的关系。阴茎嫉妒似乎属于这一范畴，作为在发展背景下，求解偏执机制的一种特殊情况。偏执过程利用差异，无论多么微小或无关紧要，通过定义差异来定义自我。当然，对差异的关注是为了作为定义过程一个必不可少方面的自我分离。 The presence or the absence of the penis is a major difference which ultimately defines the difference between male and female. The difference between penis-possession and penis-lack thus must play a very central role in the emerging definition of the child's sexual identity. The developmental functions of definition and separation in tandem with the processes of identification and differentiation with the same and opposite sex parents respectively, constitute the normal process of healthy formation of sexual identity. The process employs the same basic mechanisms which we have identified as correlative with the paranoid process. 阴茎的存在或不存在是一个主要的区别，这最终定义了男性和女性之间的区别。因此，拥有阴茎和缺少阴茎之间的区别必须在新形成的儿童性别认同的定义中发挥非常中心的作用。定义和分离的发展功能，与同性和异性父母的认同和分化过程相结合，构成了性别认同健康形成的正常过程。这个过程采用了与偏执过程相关的基本机制。 The distortion and the pathological corruption enter when the process of separation becomes contaminated with envy. The pathological distortion is rooted in narcissism; what is possessed by another and is not possessed by oneself is an index of the incompleteness and defectiveness of the self. Thus, the possession of another must be envied since the underlying dictate of the narcissistic premise is that one's self is omnipotently entitled to the possession of everything. On this narcissistic foundation, then, the whole concept of the lack of penis as conjoined with notions of inferiority and powerlessness takes its origin. 当分离的过程被嫉妒污染时，扭曲和病态的堕落就会进入。病态扭曲根源于自恋;被别人拥有而不被自己拥有的东西是自我不完整和缺陷的一个指标。因此，拥有的人一定是令人羡慕的，因为自恋前提的基本要求是，一个人的自我拥有一切。因此，在这种自恋的基础上，没有阴茎的整个概念，连同低人一等和无能为力的概念，就有了它的起源。 Thus, for Karen, lack of a penis meant deprivation, impotence, weakness, powerlessness, and vulnerability. Consequently, we can not only recognize these as the castration motifs but also identify their psychological origins in the postulates of pathological narcissism. One should not miss the critical issue in all this, as many do. In this context, it should be clear that penis envy is an almost unavoidable consequence of the residues of infantile narcissism in the baby girl, and that the resolution of penis envy involves important processes in the working through of injured narcissism leading to a more positive definition of sexual identity and an integration of the concept of self as inherently female. 因此，对卡伦来说，没有阴茎意味着剥夺、无能、虚弱、无力和脆弱。因此，我们不仅可以认识到这些作为阉割主题，而且也确定他们病态自恋假说的心理根源。我们不应像许多人那样，忽视这一切中的关键问题。在这种情况下,这是很清楚的：阴茎嫉妒是小女孩婴儿式自恋残余几乎不可避免的后果,阴茎嫉妒的解决涉及克服受伤自恋中的重要过程，导致对性别认同更正面的定义，以及自我概念作为天生女性的集成。 Another aspect of the paranoid distortion in this particular case, and one which I suspect is shared to a greater or lesser degree by many women in contemporary society, is the translation of penis envy into penis contempt. The mechanism is transparently paranoid and defensive, calculated to salvage the primarily injured narcissism which is reflected in penis envy. The process follows the paradigm that we have already established whereby the projective defense serves as a compensation and salvaging maneuver to preserve and sustain the narcissistically injured self. Analysts are familiar with the narcissistic defense which involves a contempt for and a devaluing of the analyst as a means of preserving the threatened inner integrity which the patient feels in the face of the analytic regression. Certainly, in the present case, that form of defensiveness has been amply demonstrated. It is also clear that Karen's defensiveness and her attempts to devalue and place in contempt both the analyst and the analytic process—not to mention the whole of psychoanalysis and Freudian theory—were equivalently a form of penis contempt and constituted an elaborate narcissistic(paranoid) defense. 在这个特殊的案例中，偏执扭曲的另一个方面，也是我怀疑当代社会中很多女性或多或少都有的一个方面，就是把对阴茎的嫉妒转化为对阴茎的蔑视。这一机制显然是偏执和防御性的，旨在挽救受损的自恋，这种自恋反映在对阴茎的嫉妒上。这个过程遵循了我们已经建立的范例，即投射性防御作为一种补偿和补救策略，来保护和维持自恋受伤的自我。分析人员熟悉自恋防御，这涉及到对分析人员的蔑视和贬低，这种蔑视和贬低作为一种手段，以保持病人在面对分析退化时所感受到的受到威胁的内在完整性。当然，在目前的情况下，这种防御形式已经得到充分的证明。同样清楚的是，卡伦的防御性，以及她贬低和蔑视分析者和分析过程的企图——更不用说整个精神分析和弗洛伊德理论——等同于阴茎轻蔑的一种形式，构成了一种精心设计的自恋(偏执)防御。