Penis Envy 阴茎嫉妒 An interesting sidelight on this aspect of Karen's vulnerability, as well as a focus of some theoretical concern, was the whole issue of penis envy. In terms of the analytic process it provided a sort of touchstone against which Karen's modality of defense could be evaluated. She made it clear from the very beginning that the question was one of significant concern for her. She was concerned with how Freudian I was, and her concern carried in it a significant ambivalence. On the one hand she wanted me to be perfectly Freudian, in the sense that I would then be a perfect analyst, but on the other hand the application of basically Freudian notions such as penis envy posed a powerful threat to her. 卡伦脆弱的一面有一个有趣的侧面，同时也是一些理论关注的焦点，那就是阴茎嫉妒的问题。在分析的过程中，它提供了一种试金石，在这种试金石上，卡伦的防御方式可以被评估。她从一开始就明确表示，这个问题是她非常关心的问题之一。她关心的是我是多么的佛洛伊德，而她的关心包含着一种明显的矛盾心理。一方面，她想让我成为一个完美的弗洛伊德主义者，从某种意义上说，这样我就能成为一个完美的分析家，但另一方面，运用弗洛伊德的一些基本概念，比如阴茎嫉妒，对她构成了强大的威胁。 Penis envy meant that women were somehow mutilated, wounded, inferior and vulnerable. Any suggestion of castration or penis envy raised her level of defensiveness to a high degree. However staunch her defenses, there was plenty of evidence to support a penis envy hypothesis. Particularly striking was her sense of vulnerability and particularly the feeling of being controlled in the sexual encounter. She saw her own female genitalia as dirty and somehow defective and linked this with her sense of loss of control in the sexual act. The male penis was somehow strong and clean and provided a man with a capacity for control over a woman. 阴茎嫉妒意味着女性在某种程度上是残缺不全、受伤、低人一等和脆弱的。任何关于阉割或阴茎嫉妒的暗示都会使她的防御等级提高到很高的程度。无论她的辩解多么坚定，还是有大量证据支持“阴茎嫉妒假说”。特别令人震惊的是她的脆弱感，尤其是在性接触中被控制的感觉。她认为自己的女性生殖器很脏，有某种缺陷，并将其与她在性行为中失控的感觉联系在一起。男人的阴茎强壮干净，让男人有能力控制女人。 She had a number of phallic substitutes, however, which filled up the deficit. One was her dog, a large, male German shepherd. Another was the car which she referred to as "a car a girl shouldn't drive." Last, although certainly not least, there was her brain, the penis-brain she could inflate to impress others and particularly to defend, put down, and place the male at a competitive disadvantage. If the competition was placed on the level of phallic power, she could make sure that hers was the bigger penis-brain. This in fact was a considerable source of anxiety for her in the analysis, since it was clear she was threatened by my control and my capacity to influence her insofar as my penis-brain might possibly be bigger than hers. The phallic reference in terms of automobiles was clear; she thought of herself as like a car, a complicated mechanism with a standard stick-shift, noting that a stick-shift gives greater control and a greater appearance of mastery. Moreover, cars were something she and her father shared together—an area in which she could prove she was as good as any boy, particularly as good as the son he might have had. The same principle applied to other interests she shared with her father from time to time: her tomboyishness, her eagerness to play baseball with her father, their liking for dogs and animals, etc. 然而，她有很多阴茎替代品，填补了这个空缺。其中一只是她的狗，一只雄性德国牧羊犬。另一辆是她所说的“女孩不应该开的车”。最后，尽管肯定不是最不重要的，是她的大脑，阴茎-大脑，她可以膨胀来给别人留下深刻印象，特别是为了防御、压制和把雄性置于竞争劣势。如果把比赛放在阴茎力量的水平上，她可以确保自己的阴茎-大脑更大。事实上，这是她在分析中焦虑的一个相当大的来源，因为很明显，她受到了我的控制和我影响她的能力的威胁，我的阴茎-大脑可能比她的大。就汽车而言，阴茎指涉很清楚;她把自己想象成一辆汽车，一种复杂的机械装置，带有标准的变速杆。她注意到，变速杆能带来更大的控制力和更强的掌控感。此外，汽车是她和父亲共同拥有的东西——在这个领域里，她可以证明自己和任何男孩一样优秀，尤其是和他可能有的儿子一样优秀。同样的原则也适用于她不时与父亲分享的其他兴趣爱好:她的假小子，她渴望与父亲打棒球，他们喜欢狗和动物，等等。 Her equivalent for penis envy was the conflict between power and powerlessness—or as she termed it "power politics." Male dominance was thus penis power, and such power was politically denied to both women and children. She commented in regard to psychoanalysis with some cynicism that she thought penis envy had gone out of style in more sophisticated circles. After all, women's liberation has changed penis envy into penis contempt. But, however much she mouthed the rhetoric of penis, the contempt did not permeate her reality. She was convinced, for example, that the male orgasm was somehow superior—more gratifying, more fulfilling. She constantly questioned her boyfriend about this, finding it fascinating. Similarly, she was convinced that the orgasm would somehow be better if the male were not circumcised and observed that if she ever had a son she would not have him circumcised. To be circumcised(castrated) was somehow to make a Jew more like a woman, more inferior and more powerless. Her associations ran to horror movies and powerful monsters such as King Kong, the frightening embodiment of phallic power. 她对阴茎的嫉妒相当于权力与无权力之间的冲突——或者她称之为“权力政治”。因此，男性的主导地位就是阴茎的力量，而这种力量在政治上被拒绝给予妇女和儿童。她对精神分析的评论带有一些愤世嫉俗的意味，她认为阴茎嫉妒在更成熟的圈子里已经过时了。毕竟，妇女解放运动把对阴茎的嫉妒变成了对阴茎的蔑视。但是，不管她说了多少关于阴茎的花言巧语，这种蔑视并没有渗透到她的现实生活中。例如，她确信男性高潮在某种程度上是优越的——更令人满意，更令人满足。她经常就这个问题问她的男朋友，觉得很有意思。同样地，她相信如果男性不割包皮，性高潮会更好，并且声称如果她有儿子，她就不会让他割包皮。受割礼(阉割)在某种程度上使犹太人更像一个女人，更低人一等，更软弱无力。她的联想一直延伸到恐怖电影和强大的怪兽，比如金刚，它是阳具力量的可怕化身。 Some months before the termination of the analysis, there was an interesting piece of material that offered some commentary on the issues of power and control and castration. She had been buying a gift for her director and selected a card to go with it which showed a figure of Snoopy leaning on Charlie Brown and the caption said, "It's nice to have someone to lean on." She then commented that she had selected this card in preference to a second card which had attracted her. The second card had the figure of Charlie Brown on the face of it with a cut thumb. Inside there was a drawing of Snoopy, who was saying, "What is he complaining about? I don't even have a thumb." 在分析结束的几个月前，有一篇有趣的文章对权力、控制和阉割问题提出了一些评论。她给她的系主任买了一份礼物，选了一张卡片，上面画着史努比靠在查理·布朗身上[查理·布朗是《花生漫画》中的人物，史努比是他的宠物狗]，文字说明说:“有人靠着真好。”然后她评论说，她选择了这张卡片，而不是另一张吸引她的卡片。第二张卡片上是查理·布朗的头像，大拇指被割破了。里面有一张史努比的画像，它在说:“它在抱怨什么?我连大拇指都没有。” It was really only in the closing months of the analysis that she was able to address herself to the issue of penis envy with any equanimity and balance, as well as with any degree of insight. She was able to say that the concept of penis envy was distasteful to her and she preferred to think of it in terms of powerlessness. She could recognize her own sense of deference to men, somehow thinking of them as stronger and protective—persons she could lean on and gain strength from. She related this to physical size, particularly to the size of the male penis. In sex she clearly felt that the man was in control of the activity, and that she herself was relatively passive. 只有在分析的最后几个月里，她才能够平静地、平衡地、以任何程度的洞察力来理解处理阴茎嫉妒的问题。她可以说，阴茎嫉妒的概念对她来说是令人反感的，她更愿意用无能为力来看待它。她能意识到自己对男人的尊重，不知何故，她把他们看作是更坚强、保护性的——她可以依靠并从他们获得力量的人。她认为这与生理尺寸有关，尤其是男性阴茎的尺寸。在性爱中，她明显地感觉到男人控制着一切，而她自己则相对被动。