Resistance 阻抗 The major problem throughout the whole of the analysis was Karen's extreme defensiveness. At times this reached rather extreme degrees, and it often seemed as if the analysis itself was in jeopardy. Karen's defensiveness was not at all indirect. There was little of what could be termed acting-out, and except for certain points where she was deliberately retaliating, her coming to the analysis was generally punctual. Almost without exception she would appear in my office a few minutes before the scheduled meeting time. On the contrary, her resistance was explicit and direct. From the earliest hours she made it plain that she felt threatened and defensive, even though she was trying not to be so defensive in the analysis. She knew, she said, that when she came to the analysis she expected to feel threatened and defensive, expecting it to be painful and to have to suffer. 在整个分析过程中，最大的问题是卡伦的极端防御。有时，这达到了相当极端的程度，而且似乎分析本身经常处于危险之中。卡伦的辩护一点也不拐弯抹角。她很少有什么可以称之为“发泄”的行为，除了某些她故意报复的地方，她来分析的时候一般都很准时。几乎无一例外，她会在预定会面时间前几分钟出现在我的办公室。相反，她的阻抗是明确而直接的。从最初的几个小时开始，她就明确表示，她感到了威胁和防御，尽管她在分析中试图不那么防御。她说，她知道，当她进行分析时，她预期会感到威胁和防御，预期这会是痛苦的，必须承受痛苦。 But she found herself struggling against a helpless feeling, not being able to control the situation and not knowing where it was going. She found herself using evasive tactics and feeling that somehow her defensiveness was something that she should be able to overcome and that her not doing so put her at fault. She commented at one point, "It pisses me off that I am fighting myself like this, but part of me is not about to give up any secrets without a fight." She described herself as having an inner core that was heavily guarded and that she could only take things so far and then felt she had to stop. She found herself wanting to turn the tables on me, defending herself, avoiding things and trying to control. She wanted to try to prove my stupidity and my insensitivity. She took a certain smug satisfaction from her ability to contend with me. And she stated, "It's hard for me to accept anything you say. Anybody not in love with me is stupid and insensitive, but I won't apply that to you. People are not stupid and insensitive who don't want to love. It's important to me to prove you wrong....I need my defenses more than I need this analysis." 但她发现自己在与一种无助的感觉作斗争，无法控制局面，也不知道事情的走向。她发现自己在使用回避策略，觉得自己的防御应该是可以克服的，而不这样做会让她承担责任。她曾评论说:“我这样和自己斗争让我很生气，但我的一部分是不会不战而放弃任何秘密的。”她说自己的内心深处有重兵把守，她只能走这么远，然后觉得自己必须停下来。她发现自己想反败为胜，想为自己辩护，想逃避，想控制局面。她想证明我的愚蠢和麻木不仁。她对自己与我竞争的能力感到某种自鸣得意的满足。她说:“我很难接受你说的任何话。不爱我的人都是愚蠢和迟钝的，但我不会对你这样想。不想去爱的人并不愚蠢和麻木。证明你错了对我来说很重要…比起分析，我更需要自我辩护。” Even in the terminal phases of the analysis, when her defensiveness had become considerably softened and modified, the same motifs were in operation. At one point she began talking about a variety of superficial subjects, and I commented that she seemed to be avoiding the subject of termination. She replied she had no strong feelings about it, or rather that she blocked them. She saw me now as an equal, like other men who had been good friends and who had been supportive, but that the relationship was not an essential one for her. I wondered what would motivate her to see it in such terms. She replied she still felt a fear of being hurt. If she felt the relationship was not important to me, that made it unimportant to her. I commented that there had indeed been one very important relationship with a man in which he was terribly important to her, but she could not be sure how important she was to him. She replied that had been very painful for her, but why should she get into it at this point. There was too much hurt, and it was beter to avoid it. At that point, however, in the advanced stage of the analysis, she could recognize how strong the urge in her to avoid the pain of separation from the analysis in fact was. 即使在分析的最后阶段，当她的防御已大大软化和改变时，同样的主题仍在发挥作用。有一次，她开始谈论各种肤浅的话题，我说她似乎在回避终止话题。她回答说，她对此没有强烈的感觉，或者说她阻止了他们。她现在把我看作一个平等的人，就像其他曾经是好朋友、支持过她的男人一样，但这种关系对她来说并不重要。我不知道是什么促使她这样看待这件事。她回答说她仍然害怕受到伤害。如果她觉得这段关系对我不重要，那对她就不重要了。我评论说，她和一个男人确实有过一段非常重要的关系，在这段关系中，他对她非常重要，但她不确定她对他有多重要。她回答说，这对她来说是非常痛苦的，但她为什么要在这个时候陷入其中。伤得太重了，还是避免为好。然而，在那个时候，在分析的后期，她能意识到她内心是多么强烈地想要避免与分析分离的痛苦。 It was particularly the transference aspects of such feelings that caused her difficulty. She stoutly resisted the notion of transference and any suggestion that she might have a transference through the greater part of the analysis. In the beginning, she consistently avoided references to me or to her feelings about me, and I had to call these to her attention. Whenever I did so, she felt resistance and responded to it as a threat. The notion of transference was too clinical and too impersonal. She wanted to think that it was unimportant and that it had little relevance or significance for her problems. Later on in the course of the analysis when it was quite clear she had developed quite intense feelings for me, she still stoutly refused to admit that there was any transference involved. She cried out at one point, "I don't make you into anything." I pointed out at that juncture that she seemed tobe making me into a judge. She replied, "Well you can call it transference, but I call it real." 正是这种感情的移情作用使她感到困难。她坚决反对移情的概念，以及任何暗示她可能分析的大部分时间都产生移情的想法。一开始，她总是避免提及我或她对我的感觉，而我必须引起她对这些的注意。每当我这样做的时候，她都会感到抗拒，并将其视为一种威胁。移情的概念太临床，太客观。她想要认为这是不重要的，它对她的问题几乎没有相关性或意义。后来在分析的过程中，很明显她对我产生了强烈的感情，但她仍然坚决拒绝承认有任何移情作用。她一度大叫:“我没有把你变成任何东西。”我在那个节骨眼上指出，她似乎要把我变成一名法官。她回答说:“你可以称之为移情，但我认为它是真实的。” Particularly poignant in this regard was the whole issue of abandonment. She stoutly resisted any feelings of loss or remorse at times when I went on vacation. Such periods in the analysis were inevitably periods of heightened defensiveness—presumably since the forthcoming vacation provoked her feelings of dependence and loss. Midway through the analysis, during the last session before my vacation, she commented that she felt very little about my going on vacation but remarked that this was the last day. I inquired about her feelings and she replied that of course she had none—or none she would allow herself. If it bothered her, she didn't want to know about it. She was totally resistant to what she called the "archetypal abandonment theme." I replied that she seemed to feel that people's leaving should not be important. She replied, "I'm just not hysterical about your leaving, I'm not going to feel anything until I just can't avoid it. I don't want to feel any pain." 在这方面特别令人痛心的是整个遗弃问题。当我去度假时，她坚决抵制任何失落或悔恨的感觉。在分析中，这样的时期不可避免地是防御性增强的时期——大概是因为即将到来的假期激起了她的依赖性和失落感。分析进行到一半时，在我度假前的最后一次会面上，她说她对我去度假没什么感觉，但她说这是最后一天。我询问她的感受，她回答说，她当然没有——或者她不会允许自己有任何感受。如果这让她烦恼，她也不想知道。她完全反对她所谓的“原型遗弃主题”。我回答说，她似乎觉得人们的离开并不重要。她回答说:“我只是对你的离开没有歇斯底里，在我无法避免之前，我不会有任何感觉。”我不想感到任何痛苦。” The fear of regression and the vulnerability she associated with it and particularly the fear of slipping into the transference neurosis was paralyzing for her. To her mind it meant surrender, submission. She struggled against this, frightened and angry and totally resistant. At one point she commented: 对回归的恐惧和与之相关的脆弱，尤其是对陷入移情神经症的恐惧让她麻痹。在她看来，这意味着投降、屈服。她挣扎着，害怕着，生气着，完全抗拒着。有一次她评论道: It's time to stop playing games. I assume this will take longer because my resistance is so high. I hate talking about how I don't want to be here. I see it as a game—love and hate your shrink, be dependent or not dependent, little rituals. Dr. Freud is Dr. Sig Heiler—it means fascism, the salute to the master, commitment to a set of beliefs. I can't credit it and I can't believe it. The alternative is to say that the method is valid and that you know what you are doing. For me to suspend judgment is to submit, to be ruled by something irrational, to let someone else do the thinking for me, to lose all control...This could screw me up and I have to be wary of that. I don't know your competence and that's a lot to swallow. I wouldn't submit to surgery without knowing more about the surgeon. But you are asking me to submit to something I don't believe in, and that's an insult to my intelligence. 是时候停止玩游戏了。我想这需要更长的时间，因为我的阻抗太强了。我讨厌说我有多么不想待在这里。我把它看作是一场游戏——爱并恨你的心理医生，依赖还是不依赖，这些都是小小的仪式。弗洛伊德博士[心理医生的祖师爷弗洛伊德全名西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)]是西格·希特勒博士——这意味着法西斯主义，对大师的敬意，对一系列信仰的承诺。我不信任这玩意，也不信仰这玩意。另一种说法是，该方法是有效的，并且您知道自己在做什么。对我来说，暂停判断就是屈服，被非理性的东西统治，让别人替我思考，失去所有的控制……这可能会把我搞砸，我得小心点。我不知道你的能力如何，那是很难接受的。如果对外科医生不了解得更多，我是不会接受外科手术的。但你让我屈服于我不相信的东西，这是对我智力的侮辱。 The analysis was a battleground, a battle of wits in which the issue was equality versus subservience. If she accepted my interpretations, she would be subservient to them and submissive to me. 分析是一个战场，一场智慧之战，其中的问题是平等与屈从。如果她接受我的解释，她就会顺从我的解释，顺从于我。