Transference Distortions 移情扭曲 The themes which we have been surveying played themselves out with peculiar intensity in the transference. From the beginning of the analysis the transference elements were detectably at work, creating intense anxiety and prompting Karen to mobilize her defenses with a considerable amount of resistance. Gradually, however, as the transference neurosis deepened and intensified, her defensiveness became severe and reached frankly paranoid proportions. From the beginning of the analysis she was highly resistant, feeling a considerable amount of antipathy and hostility and stoutly resisting any directives from me. She made it clear that she did not like being told what to do. She was afraid of being pinned down and known. 我们一直在观察的主题，在移情中以一种特殊的强度表现出来。从分析的一开始，移情因素就明显在起作用，造成了强烈的焦虑，促使卡伦动用自己带有相当大的阻力的防御。然而，渐渐地，随着移情神经症的加深和加剧，她的防御变得严重，坦率地说，达到偏执的程度。从分析开始，她就非常抗拒，感到相当多的反感和敌意，坚决抵制我的任何指示。她明确表示她不喜欢别人告诉她该做什么。她害怕被人钉住、了解。 She felt a good deal of uncertainty about me. She had no way of judging my competence and felt it would be useless for her to ask since she expected that any questions she might ask would not be answered. She was being asked to make a leap of faith, and her presumption was that I would be rigid, controlling, and that I would somehow make her suffer. She was afraid that I would pin her down, like a lepidopterist, categorizing her, pinning her to the couch. She saw herself as spending years in analysis "wedded to the couch," as she put it, figuratively a marriage in which the conflicts of masculine and feminine roles would be played out and in which she could only expect to get "shat on," to have to suffer, waiting with apprehension and anxiety for the bomb to drop. 她对我感到很不确定。她没有办法判断我的能力，觉得她问是没有用的，因为她以为她可能问的任何问题都不会得到回答。她正被要求做出一个大胆的决定，而她的推测是，我将是一个固执的、控制欲强的人，我将以某种方式让她受苦。她害怕我会把她固定住，像鳞翅目昆虫学家那样把她归类，把她钉在沙发上。她将花好几年时间在分析中视为“嫁给沙发,”正如她所说,这是对婚姻的比喻，男性角色和女性角色冲突会在其中上演,她只能期望被“拉屎”,承受痛苦,在恐惧和焦虑中等待炸弹落下。 She stoutly resisted this perception, insisting that she was not a simple case, that she was complex and difficult, and she refused to be easily dismissed or easily understood. She felt that she had to be different, stunning, and that she had to impress me or else she would feel violated and reduced, as if she didn't exist. From the very beginning of the analysis, any attempt on my part to interpret or offer observations was extremely threatening to her. She felt I was imposing categories that trapped and reduced her within some preconceived analytic schema. She saw herself as the victim of my need to maintain an analytic perspective. The problem was not in her: the problem was my defenses and my feeling threatened by anything that violated or could not be fitted into my analytic perspective. She gave me fair warning almost from the beginning: "I don't envy you, you have to deal with me. You had better be on your toes!" 她坚决抵制这种看法，坚持说她不是一个简单的案例，她是复杂和困难的，她拒绝被轻易驳回或轻易理解。她觉得自己必须与众不同，令人惊艳，必须给我留下深刻的印象，否则她会感到被侵犯和被贬低，就像她不存在一样。从分析的一开始，任何试图由我来解释或提供观察结果的行为，都对她构成了极大的威胁。她觉得我强加给她的类别，把她困在并约减为某种先入为主的分析模式。她认为自己是我保持分析视角的需求的受害者。问题不在她身上:问题在于我的防御和我因为受到了侵犯或无法融入我的分析视角的东西的威胁的感觉。她几乎从一开始就给了我清楚的警告:“我不羡慕你，你得对付我。你最好小心点!” She was constantly preoccupied with the fear that I would become angry at her and would take it out on her in some way, but that I would not show it. She felt frustrated and resentful at not knowing what I was thinking about her. She felt I was judging her and that my judgment was negative, that she was wrong and despicable. She felt that in the analysis it was like walking on cracked eggshells. She felt on the spot, that she was somehow at fault, and that being on the couch was like being on a dissecting table. I was a Madame DeFarge, sitting behind her and observing her, calously enjoying the spectacle of her suffering and agony. That suffering was an entertainment for me; I got my kicks out of watching heads roll. 她总是担心我会生她的气，在某种程度上拿她出气，而我不会表现出来。当不知道我在怎样想她时，她感到沮丧和怨恨。她觉得我在评判她，而我的评判是负面的，即她是错误的，卑鄙的。她觉得在分析中这就像踩在裂开的蛋壳上一样。她立刻感到自己有错，觉得躺在沙发上就像躺在解剖台上一样。我是德伐日太太，坐在她后面观察着她，真切地欣赏着她受苦受难的样子。这种痛苦对我来说是一种娱乐;我从看人头翻滚中得到乐趣。 One day she began talking about something she had heard about rodent exterminators with years of advanced training. She commented that it could apply to me, or to herself, or even to her father. Her father was in the business of killing people—vicious people, like rats. She went on to say, "It applies to both of us in terms of our advanced training. The rats are waiting to come out. But I wonder which one of us the couch serves. I have the image of Eve lying supine, with the serpent as an evil toad whispering in her ear." 有一天，她开始谈起她听过的一些关于灭鼠者的事，这些灭鼠者受过多年的高级训练。她说这句话可以用在我身上，也可以用在她自己身上，甚至可以用在她父亲身上。她父亲从事的是杀人的勾当——恶毒的人，像老鼠一样。她接着说:“就高级培训来说，这适用于我们双方。老鼠等着出来。但我想知道这沙发是给谁用的。我想象夏娃仰面躺着，蛇就像一只邪恶的蟾蜍，在她耳边窃窃私语。” Nonetheless there was a part of her that wanted me to be perfect and competent. Similarly there was a part of her that wanted to be dependent and taken care of. She speculated about her interest in medical programs on television. She felt a fascination with the medical world that seemed to have increased since she had started analysis. She speculated that perhaps she wanted to marry a doctor—certainly that had been drummed into her for years. 尽管如此，她还是有一部分想让我变得完美和能干。同样地，她也有一部分想要独立和被照顾。她推测她对电视上的医学节目感兴趣。自从她开始分析以来，她对医学界的迷恋似乎与日俱增。她推测也许她想嫁给一个医生——当然这是多年来一直灌输给她的。 In a special way she thought of me as inaccessible, and complained about the limitation of a regimented relationship. In a way her father was inaccessible and distant; he was a man of few words even as I was a man of few words. But if he said little, his eyes could see right through her, could see she was being deceptive or phony. She went on to say that was what she hated most about the idea of psychoanalytic theories being imposed on her. It was as if they see right through you. She added, "I guess that's Daddy. Well, that's as much transference as you' re going to get!" 她以一种特殊的方式认为我难以接近，并抱怨一种受约束的关系的局限性。在某种程度上，她的父亲遥不可及;他是个寡言少语的人，就像我是个寡言少语的人一样。但如果他很少说话，他的眼睛就能看穿她，看出她在欺骗或虚伪。她接着说，这是她强加给她的精神分析理论想法中她最痛恨的一个。就好像他们看穿了你一样。她接着说:“我猜这是爸爸。好吧，这就是你能得到的最多移情了!” If her father had been the stern, silent, and inaccessible man in her life, she felt all the more intently the challenge of gaining his approval and pleasing him. Clearly there was a part of her that sought my approval in the analysis, sought reassurance from me that she was doing the analysis well and that she was making progress, and that her productions on the couch were pleasing and acceptable to me. But along with the need to gain approval, there was the conviction that she had to submit herself to the analytic process and my demands in order to gain it. But submission to her meant being demeaned and reduced, losing her individuality and being treated as a common case. 如果她的父亲在她的生活中是一个严厉、沉默和难以接近的人，她就越发热切地接受挑战，来赢得他的认可和取悦他。很明显，她的一部分在分析中寻求我的赞同，从我那里寻求安慰，说她的分析做得很好，她正在取得进展，她在沙发上的作品让我满意和接受。但是，除了需要获得认可之外，还有一种信念，那就是她必须服从分析过程和我的要求，才能获得认可。但是顺从对她意味着被贬低和约减，失去她的个性，被当作一个普通的案例来对待。 One of the most threatening aspects of her transference involvement was the sexual connotations of it. Any indication or suggestion of this was stoutly resisted and denied even though the indications of it were liberally sprinkled throughout her material. Any attempt to bring it up was labeled as my problem and not hers. But at one point she was able to comment that any interest that a man might have in her could only be sexual. 她的移情过程中最具威胁性的一个方面就是其中的性暗示。任何关于这一点的象征或迹象都遭到了坚决的抵制和否认，尽管这些暗示在她的材料中随处可见。任何提出这个问题的企图都被标记为我的问题，而不是她的问题。但有一次她说，一个男人对她的任何兴趣都可能只是性的。 She felt deep down that my interest in her was sexual, but her fear was that I would seduce her and then leave her. After all, all men were "insenstive schmucks." The erotic element, however, revealed itself in various ways, most particularly in terms of Karen's fear of submission and vulnerability, almost a direct translation of her fears and concerns in the sexual relationship. She commented on her tendency to avoid looking at me when coming into or leaving the office, and observed it was a way of keeping herself disengaged. She had no intention of developing any transference to me, of falling in love with her shrink. She commented on a friend of hers who was trying to get her shrink in bed, and felt threatened by that idea. 她内心深处觉得我对她的兴趣是性的，但她害怕我会引诱她，然后离开她。毕竟，所有的男人都是“麻木不仁的蠢货”。然而，情色元素以不同的方式展现出来，尤其是卡伦对顺从和脆弱的恐惧，这几乎是对她在两性关系中的恐惧和担忧的直接翻译。她谈到自己进出办公室时总是避免看我，并指出这是一种使自己不受干扰的方式。她无意对我产生任何移情，也无意爱上她的心理医生。她的一个朋友试图把她的心理医生弄到床上，她对这个想法感到威胁。 She felt threatened particularly by her own potential for dependence, but commented that she refused to allow herself to become dependent on someone who was not going to be around. The obvious reference, of course, was her father. The notion of transference was threatening to her because it meant that if she was to fall in love with her shrink, she would have to compromise her intelligence—something she refused to do. And if she refused to compromise her intelligence, that left her with the only alternative of being an intelligent woman who made men feel stupid and inadequate and consequently threatened them. 她感到受到威胁，尤其是她自己潜在的依赖性，但她说，她拒绝让自己变得依赖一个不会在她身边的人。显然，她指的是她的父亲。移情的概念对她来说是一种威胁，因为这意味着如果她要爱上她的心理医生，她将不得不牺牲自己的智力——她拒绝这么做。如果她拒绝放弃自己的智慧，那么她就只能做一个聪明的女人，让男人觉得自己愚蠢、不称职，从而威胁他们。 The stark threat of these transference alternatives was modified in time, but only slowly and gradually. The working through of these transference elements was in fact a crucial element in the analytic progression and provided the primary basis for Karen's analytic improvement. The first indication of a shift in the transference alignment came in the form of a dream—the only dream in which the analyst appeared explicitly, and the only dream in which a transference interpretation was possible. It occurred about a year prior to termination. 这些移情替代品的严重威胁得到了及时的修正，但只是缓慢而渐进的。这些移情因素的贯穿实际上是分析进展中的一个关键因素，并为卡伦的分析改进提供了主要的基础。移情一致性转变的第一个迹象是以梦的形式出现的——这是唯一一个分析师明确出现的梦，也是唯一一个可以解释移情的梦。它发生在终止前一年左右。 The scene was an apartment into which Karen was moving. It was dark and it was not quite like her present apartment. There were some students there helping her, and two girls were sitting and talking, quite oblivious of what was going on. I was there in the background as a supportive figure; but there was someone else there who was also Karen's analyst. Somehow she felt more emotionally involved with him than with me. Karen's mother was there saying unbelievably destructive and accusatory things about Karen. Karen became angry and started slapping her mother up and down the front of her body, but with apparently no affect. I was standing there listening. She then fell into a trance and fell asleep. When she woke up the argument with her mother started up all over again. But this time there was a low armchair there with no legs, and her father was in it. He was dead and blood was coming out of his mouth. She and her mother started fighting over him. Her mother was accusing her and Karen was anxious and upset, trying to tell her mother something was wrong with her father and that he was dead. I somehow got her out of there. She commented, "You were completely supportive. You were on my side. It was incredibly real, even with color." 场景是卡伦要搬进的公寓。天很黑，不像她现在的公寓。那里有几个学生在帮她，两个女孩坐着聊天，完全不知道发生了什么事。我作为一个支持性的人物出现在幕后;但那里还有另外一个人，也是卡伦的分析师。不知怎的，她觉得和他在一起比和我在一起更有感情。卡伦的母亲在那里对卡伦说了一些令人难以置信的破坏性和指责的话。卡伦很生气，开始在妈妈的前胸上下拍打，但显然没有任何反应。我站在那里听着。然后她进入了恍惚状态，睡着了。当她醒来时，她和母亲的争吵又重新开始了。但这一次有一把没有腿的矮扶手椅，她父亲坐在里面。他死了，血从他口中流出。她和妈妈开始为他争吵。她的母亲在指责她，卡伦焦急不安，试图告诉她的母亲她的父亲出了什么问题，他死了。我把她救出来了。她说:“你完全支持我。你站在我这一边。这是难以置信的真实，甚至有颜色。” She commented on the two analysts in the dream and on her feeling of being thrown back on the analysis for support. She related the dream to her ambivalence toward me—to her seeing me as supportive and helpful on the one hand, but also feeling that there was another part of me with which she was more emotionally involved. She commented that the other analyst seemed to be a cross between one of her boyfriends whom she felt to be insensitive and callous and an analyst whom she had heard discussing a paper and whose discussion she felt was nothing but an imposition of analytic interpretations with little or no evidence. This was exactly the complaint she had launched against me in the analysis. She found it difficult to determine whether I was the insensitive and unresponsive analyst who would impose interpretations on her, in calloused disconcern for her individuality and uniqueness, or whether I was a sympathetic and helpful figure with whom she could ally herself and from whom she could gain strength and support. 她对梦中的两名分析师以及自己被抛回分析中寻求支持的感觉发表了评论。她把这个梦和她对我的矛盾心理联系起来——一方面，她认为我是支持和帮助她的，但另一方面，她也觉得我的另一个部分让她更加投入感情。她评论说,另一个分析师似乎是她的一个男朋友和一个分析师的混合，这个男朋友她觉得麻木和冷酷无情,这个分析师她听过其讨论一篇论文，而那些讨论不过是强加的一个分析性解释，只有很少或根本没有证据。这正是她在分析中对我提出的抱怨。她发现很难判断我到底是麻木和迟钝，强加解释给她，而对其个性和独特性表现出生冷的不关心态度的分析师，还是一个富有同情心和有用的，她可以结盟并从其获得力量和帮助的人。