Maternal Hostility 母亲的敌对 We come now to the question of the intense hostility that Ann was subjected to, particularly from her mother.A number of authors have focused on the relation between the expression of parental hostility to the child and the determination of psychosis in the child. Searles(1965) has described the process in terms of an effort to drive the affected person crazy. In many cases there is a history of psychological assault by the parents on the child-an assault that is reflected in the patient's delusions. The effort todrive the patient crazy is equivalent to any form of interpersonal activity which creates or increases the psychological conflict in the patient. 现在我们来谈谈安娜所遭受的强烈敌意的问题，尤其是来自她母亲的敌意。许多作者着重研究了父母对孩子的敌意表达与孩子是否患有精神病之间的关系。Searles(1965)将这个过程描述为试图让受影响的人发疯。在许多情况下，父母对孩子有心理攻击的历史——这种攻击反映在病人的错觉中。把病人逼疯的努力相当于任何形式的人际交往活动，它会在病人身上制造或加剧心理冲突。 There are a number of ways in which such inner conflict can be promoted that have relevance for the present case. If one person stimulates another sexually in circumstances in which expression of sexual needs or their gratification would be disastrous, conflict is created. In many schizophrenic histories, seductive behavior on the part of the patient tends to foster an intense conflict between aroused sexual impulses and the rigid and punitive superego taboos against incest. This was certainly a factor in Ann's relationship with her father. 有许多方法可以促进这种内部冲突，这些方法与当前的情况有关。如果一个人在某个环境中用性的方式刺激了另一个人，而在这种环境下性需求的表达或他们的满足将是灾难性的，冲突就产生了。在许多精神分裂症患者的历史中，对患者的诱惑行为倾向于在激发的性冲动和反对乱伦的严格的、惩罚性的超我禁忌之间培养一种强烈的冲突。这当然是安娜和她父亲关系中的一个因素。 The conflict can also arise in terms of the child's wishes to mature and assert its own individuality as opposed to regressive wishes to remain involved in an infantile symbiosis with the parent. In Ann's case this regressive pull was quite intense. One of the fascinating aspects of her course was the way in which she sabotaged any attempts to help her function more independently from her parents. She frustrated or derailed any efforts made to provide living arrangements which would allow her to separate from her family. She would cooperate in efforts to help her get involved in work situations which would allow her some degree of financial independence—but then would begin to function in inadequate ways that were clearly below her own level of current capability, making it necessary for her to retreat to a more passive and withdrawn situation in which her dependence and involvement with her parents were preserved and even intensified. While she was able to express her wishes to depend on her father and to have him take care of her, she was not able to deal on any consciouslevel with the fact that her regressive movement had the effect of drawing her closer to her mother. That closeness was intensely ambivalent and was in many ways a resubjection of herself to the mother's attacks, but it was an aspect of her involvement with her mother that Ann was inexorably drawn to, like a moth to the flame. 这种冲突也可能出现在孩子想要成熟和维护自己个性的愿望方面，而不是倒退地想要与父母保持婴儿般的共生关系。在安娜的例子中，这种倒退的拉力相当强烈。她的经历有一个吸引人的地方，那就是她破坏了任何帮助她在更独立于父母的情况下发挥作用的尝试。她挫败了或破坏了一切为她提供生活安排的努力，这些安排将使她与家人分离。她会配合帮助她参与到工作环境的努力，这将允许一定程度的经济独立,但是随之她将开始用明显低于自己目前的能力水平的不胜任方式工作,使她有必要撤退到一个更被动,退缩的环境，在这种环境中，她对父母的依赖和纠缠得到了保存和强化。虽然她能够表达她要依靠父亲并让他照顾她的愿望，但她无法在任何意识层面上处理这样一个事实:她的倒退运动使她离她的母亲更近。这种亲密关系充满了强烈的矛盾，在很多方面都是她自己屈从于母亲的攻击，但这是她与母亲关系的一个方面，安娜被无情地吸引住了，就像飞蛾扑火一样。 Searles has pointed out that similar conflicts can develop around the child's wishes to help the parent. Parents often make pleas for sympathy and understanding from the child, but then frustrate and reject the child's efforts to be helpful. The child's sympathy and wishes to help are thus compounded with guilt, rage, and a sense of personal helplessness and worthlessness. Ann's mother, as we have observed, was caught up in a lifelong and intensefeeling of resentment and disappointment that affected most areas of her life. She was constantly appealing for sympathy and solace in her misery from most of the people she contacted. She had little to talk about except what she could complain of—her mother, her husband, her family, her deprivation of all the good things in life, etc. etc. She made this appeal for sympathy and help from all of the professional personnel with whom she had contact. Her interventions, or attempts at intervention, in Ann's treatment were driven by an obvious wish to be taken care of herself, and her enviousness of Ann because Ann was being taken care of in a way that she was not. Her continual complaint in the family was that no one cared about how she felt, or about her difficulties and problems, but everyone was concerned about Ann and her problems. The resentment for not caring was particularly directed at her husband, but also at Ann. At the same time, any efforts to respond to these appeals were angrily rejected—they might counter her resentful and deprived feelings to which she clung so tenaciously. The impact on Ann—as well as the rest of the family—was a continual sense of frustrated rage and guilt and impotence. Searles指出，类似的冲突也可能围绕着孩子帮助父母的意愿而产生。父母经常请求孩子的同情和理解，但却挫败和拒绝孩子的帮助。因此，孩子的同情和帮助愿望与内疚、愤怒、个人无助感和无价值感交织在一起。正如我们所观察到的，安娜的母亲一生都沉浸在一种强烈的怨恨和失望之中，这种情绪影响了她生活的大部分领域。她不断地向她接触的大多数人寻求同情和安慰。她没有什么可说的，除了她能抱怨的——她的母亲，她的丈夫，她的家庭，她失去了生活中所有美好的东西，等等。她呼吁与她接触过的所有专业人员给予同情和帮助。她对安娜的治疗的干预，或者说试图干预，是由一个明显的愿望驱动的，那就是要照顾好自己，以及她对安娜的嫉妒，因为安娜得到了她没有得到的照顾。她在家里不断抱怨，没有人关心她的感受，也没有人关心她的困难和问题，但每个人都关心安娜和她的问题。对她不关心的怨恨特别针对她的丈夫，也针对安娜。与此同时，任何回应这些呼吁的努力都被愤怒地拒绝了——它们可能会抵消她坚持不懈地坚持的怨恨和被剥夺的感觉。对安娜和其他家庭成员的影响是一种不断受挫的愤怒、内疚和无力感。 Ann's confusion and uncertainty were intensified by the welter of mixed messages that were communicated in the family, and by the distortion and denial that permeated most of the family interactions. In the face of the vicious and undercutting assaults toward Ann, the mother would blandly deny any hostility. Her actions were always prompted by the purest of motherly motives—that she was only thinking of Ann's good and that she was merely intent on seeing that Ann got ahead in life and was able to function more effectively. This often-repeated tactic on the mother's part drove Ann to a difficult position—whether to believe her own senses and the reality she experienced, or to believe the distortion and denial of her mother. Shewas being forced to surrender reality for the sake of a regressive symbiotic and destructive relatedness to her mother. 安娜的困惑和不确定性被混杂的信息所加剧，这些信息在家庭中交流，并通过扭曲和否认渗透到大多数家庭互动。面对安娜遭受的恶毒、阴险的攻击，母亲会毫不留情地否认自己有任何敌意。她的行动总是受到母亲最纯粹的动机的驱使——她只想着安娜的好，她只想看到安娜在生活中取得进步，能够更有效地发挥作用。安娜的母亲经常重复这种策略，这让她陷入了一个困境——是相信自己的感觉和她所经历的现实，还是相信母亲的扭曲和否认。为了与母亲建立一种退化的共生关系和破坏性的关系，她被迫屈服于现实。 The process of intensifying and increasing the conflict in the sick family member has a definite function. The patient becomes the repository of the sickness in the family and the focus of their pathological reaction. Ann's mother harbored a psychotic core in her own personality that was both paranoid and depressive. This paranoid core was based on significant introiects which derived from her relationship with her own mother. This evil and malignant introject was again reprojected onto Ann, so that the mother responded to and interacted with Ann as though Ann were the bearer of the evil, malignant, hostile, destructive qualities that the mother had internalized from her own mother, but which remain repressed and unconscious in herself. It was this projected image that she worked to destroy and reject. 在患病家庭成员中加剧和增加冲突的过程具有一定的功能。病人成为家庭中疾病的储存库和他们病理反应的焦点。安娜的母亲在她自己的性格中隐藏着一种精神病的核心，那就是偏执和抑郁。这种偏执的核心是基于她与自己母亲的关系中产生的重要的内摄。这种邪恶和恶性的内摄再次投射到安娜身上，因此母亲对安娜的反应和互动，就好像安娜是母亲从自己母亲那里内化而来的邪恶、恶性、敌意和破坏性品质的承载者，而这些品质在她自己身上仍然受到压抑和无意识。正是这种投射的形象，她努力去摧毁和拒绝。 I. would like to focus on the aspects of this pathological interaction which has to do with the paranoid development. One cannot escape—as the patient could not escape—the hostile and destructive milieu in which she was raised. The effect of this destructive atmosphere on Ann was predictable, if not unavoidable. She was presented with a chronic hostility which was simultaneously denied—and which she was also called on to deny. The hostile intrusiveness, particularly from he mother, with all its destructiveness and the malignant intent that Ann could grasp within it was a major factor in the development of her pathology. Her mother's intrusiveness and controlling of Ann's life and activity took the form of constant undercutting and critical devaluation. Ann experienced this as a constant attack. Her life and her thoughts were being intrusively controlled by her mother, and the control was one that the daughter could sense to be malignant and destructive. This inevitably issued in her fears and concerns that forces in her environment were trying to ruin her mind and to destroy her. The paranoid delusion was a reprojection of the destructive intrusiveness she experienced in relation to her own mother. 我想重点谈谈这种与偏执发展有关的病理相互作用的各个方面。一个人无法逃脱——正如病人无法逃脱——她所成长的充满敌意和破坏性的环境。这种破坏性的气氛对安娜的影响即使不是不可避免的，也是可以预测的。她面对的是一种长期的敌意，这种敌意同时也被否认——同时也被要求予以否认。敌意的侵扰，尤其是来自母亲的敌意，以及它的破坏性和安娜所能理解的恶意，是她的病理发展的一个主要因素。她母亲对安的生活和活动的干预和控制，以不断削弱和批评的形式出现。安娜觉得这是一种不断的攻击。她的生活和思想都被她的母亲强行控制着，而这种控制是女儿能感觉到的恶毒和破坏性的。这不可避免地引起了她的恐惧和担忧，她周围的力量正试图摧毁她的思想，摧毁她。偏执妄想是她对自己母亲所经历的破坏性侵扰的重新投射。