Mother-Child Interaction 母子互动 The salient feature that emerges from this patient's history with considerable clarity is the destructive and undermining relationship between the patient and her mother. One is reminded inevitably of Searles'(1965) concepts of the destructive aspects of the mother-child symbiosis and what he calls the effort to drive the other person crazy, and their role in the etiology of schizophrenia. I would like to discuss some of these elements—not with a view to their role in the schizophrenic process, but in order to focus on some of the influence in the genesis of the paranoid process. 从该患者的病史中可以清晰地看出，其显著特征是患者与母亲之间的破坏性和削弱性关系。这不可避免地让人想起Searles(1965)的概念，即母子共生的破坏性方面，以及他所说的把对方逼疯的努力，以及它们在精神分裂症病因学中的作用。我想讨论其中的一些因素——不是为了探讨它们在精神分裂症过程中的作用，而是为了集中讨论偏执过程形成中的一些影响。 Searles points out that there are two important factors in the dynamics of the mothers of schizophrenic children. The first is the fear of her loving feelings, and the second is the mother's impaired sense of self-esteem. Both of these factors relate to an inadequate relationship of the mother with her own mother. The early life experience of not feeling loved and accepted by her own mother and the related need to repress her own loving feelings result in the feeling in adult life that she is unworthy of real love and devoid of a real capacity to love others, including her own children. This disposition in the mother prevents her from accepting the child's loving helpfulness and tends to undermine the latter's sense of worth. This impedes the important identifications with the mother that underlie ego development. Searles指出，有两个重要因素影响着精神分裂症儿童母亲的行为。第一个是害怕她的爱的感觉，第二个是母亲的自尊心受损。这两种因素都与母亲与自己母亲之间的关系不足有关。没有感到被她自己的母亲爱和接受的早期生活经历，以及压制自己爱的感受的相关需要，感情导致成年后觉得自己不值得真正的爱，以及缺乏真正的爱别人的能力,包括她自己的孩子。母亲的这种性格阻止她接受孩子的爱的帮助，并倾向于破坏后者的价值感。这阻碍了作为自我发展基础的对母亲的重要认同。 An additional factor, however, comes into play particularly and peculiarly in the relationship of the mother with the schizophrenic child. The mother is unable to see the child objectively as a unique and different individual, but responds to it in terms of unconscious perceptions which stem from her own unconscious and subjective needs. She sees the child as the embodiment of qualities and characteristics that represent the repressed aspects of herself. She tends to see the child as the lonely, isolated, hopelessly stupid, rejectable, or lustful self. We can see this aspect of the maternal projection clearly in Ann's relation to her mother. Her mother was constantly attacking Ann with these sorts of accusations—calling her stupid, worthless,a whore, dirty,a prostitute, etc. 然而，另一个因素在母亲和患有精神分裂症的孩子之间的关系中起着特殊的作用。母亲不能客观地把孩子看作一个独特的、不同的个体，而是根据来自她自己的无意识感知来对孩子作出反应，这些感知来自己她自己的潜意识和主观需要。她把孩子看作是代表她被压抑的一面的品质和特征的化身。她倾向于把孩子视为孤独、孤立、愚蠢得无可救药、不合格或好色的自我。我们可以在安娜和她母亲的关系中清楚地看到母亲投射的这一方面。她母亲不断地用这样的指责攻击安娜——说她愚蠢、一无是处、婊子、肮脏、妓女等等。 But there is another side to the ambivalence. Along with this depreciating attitude, such mothers tend to react as though they were omnipotent mother—figures whose acceptance and approval their daughters constantly seek—without hope of ever attaining. Searles conceives of this aspect of the mother-child interaction as fostering the intense symbiosis which becomes a reflection of the symbiotic relatedness of the mother to her own mother. The mother thus transfers feelings and attitudes that were originally part of the symbiotic relationship between herself and her own mother when she was a child to the present relationship between herself and her daughter. 但这种矛盾心理还有另外一面。伴随着这种贬低的态度，这些母亲的反应往往就像她们是无所不能的母亲一样——她们的女儿不断地寻求她们的接纳和赞同——而她们永远也不可能得到。Searles认为，这方面的母子互动培育了强烈的共生关系，这种共生关系反映了母亲与她自己的母亲的共生关系。因此，母亲将自己小时候与母亲共生关系的一部分情感和态度转移到现在自己与女儿的关系中。 Thus, in Ann's relationship with her mother, some of the aspects of the intensely ambivalent and symbiotic relationship between her mother and the mother's own mother were reflected. The mother's relationship to her mother had been conflictual and destructive. The mother was caught up inan endless quest for approval from her mother which she never obtained. The quest for approval was shifted to little Ann—particularly in terms of the mother's need to have Ann endorse her mothering by performing as mother wished. Ann's failure to do this was interpreted by the mother as an attack which was intended to undercut and devalue her as she had been undercut and devalued by her own mother. The mother's perception of Ann was thus colored by the reprojection of her own introjected mother image onto Ann—with the result that Ann was seen as a malignant, evil, and destructive agent. Ann's introjection of this projection formed the nucleus of her pathology. 因此，在安娜与母亲的关系中，母亲与母亲自己的母亲之间强烈的矛盾和共生关系的某些方面得到了反映。这位母亲和她母亲的关系一直是矛盾和破坏性的。母亲陷入了无休止的寻求母亲认可的过程中，而她从来没有得到过母亲的认可。寻求认可的过程被转移到了小安娜身上——尤其是在母亲需要安娜按照母亲希望的方式表现来为她的养育背书时。安娜没有做到这一点，被母亲解释为一种攻击，旨在削弱和贬低她，就像她被自己的母亲削弱和贬低一样。因此，母亲对安的看法被她自己内摄的母亲形象在安身上的重新投射所染色——结果是，安被视为一个恶性、邪恶和破坏性的因素。安对这种投射的内摄形成了她病理的核心。