Counterphobic Defenses 反恐惧防御 The curious thing about all this was that prior to his decompensation Bob had acted in quite a different manner. He had set out to prove himself in a variety of ways. He struggled to overcome all of his fears and doubts about himself. He overcame his fear of drowning by learning to swim and becoming an experienced scuba diver. He overcame his fear of heights by learning to fly an airplane and finally getting his own pilot's license. All of these efforts were strongly counterphobic and competitive. His efforts to overcome these fears were often marked by a willingness, if not an eagerness, to take chances, to take unnecessary risks, to test the limits of his skill and endurance, to prove that he had "guts" or "balls," to prove that he was a man and could face danger and "take it." This attitude extended to his work in surgery, as we have seen. He was willing to take risks, even when it was not necessary or was imprudent to do so, for the sake of demonstrating to himself and others that he could do it. 奇怪的是，在失代偿之前，鲍勃的行为方式完全不同。他开始用各种方式证明自己。他努力克服对自己的所有恐惧和怀疑。通过学习游泳，他克服了对溺水的恐惧，成为了一名有经验的潜水者。他通过学习驾驶飞机克服了恐高症，并最终获得了自己的飞行员执照。所有这些努力都带有强烈的反恐惧色彩和竞争色彩。他克服这些恐惧的努力往往表现为一种意愿(如果不是热切的话)，去冒险，去承担不必要的风险，去测试他的技能和耐力的极限，去证明他有“胆量”或“鸡巴”，去证明他是一个人，能够面对危险并“接受它”。正如我们所见，这种态度延伸到了他的外科工作中。他愿意冒险，即使这样做是不必要的或轻率的，只是为了向自己和他人证明他能做到。 The countering defense, as might be expected, had a lot to do with his extreme and promiscuous sexual activity. Bob was afraid of his homosexuality. This had always been a concern for him. Part of his acute delusion was that he was having a homosexual affair with the famous Dr. X. He had also had one episode of homosexual activity with another boy when he was about seven or eight years old. This involved orogenital activity. Bob also had frequent homosexual fantasies about a man sucking his penis when he masturbated. These occurred when he was not getting enough sex from women. Thus his hypersexuality was equivalently a flight into heterosexuality—in part as a countering defense against his homosexual fears. There was no homosexual activity in his adult life, although he was able to admit occasional wishes in that direction. The flight to the woman and sexual activity with her was proof of his manhood, demonstrated his strength and power over women, and gave him continuing reassurance of life and strength. 反向防御，正如人们所预料的，与他极端和淫乱的性行为有很大关系。鲍勃害怕自己是同性恋。这一直是他关心的问题。他严重的幻觉之一是他和著名的x医生有同性恋关系。在他大约七八岁的时候，他还和另一个男孩有过一次同性恋行为。这涉及到口交活动。鲍勃还经常幻想有一个男人在他自慰时吮吸他的阴茎。当他没有从女人那里得到足够的性爱时，就会发生这种情况。因此，他的性欲亢进相当于逃往异性恋——部分是为了反向防御他对同性恋的恐惧。在他的成年生活中没有同性恋行为，尽管他能够承认偶尔有同性恋的愿望。奔向那个女人并与她发生性行为证明了他的男子气概，展示了他对女人的力量和权力，并给了他持续的生命和力量的保证。