Maternal Symbiosis 母亲共生 There is little doubt that Don's involvement with his mother was intense, close, and hence symbiotic. From his point of view the close ties to his mother made it difficult for him to establish the lines between himself and her. The continuing involvement made the adequate development differentiation between his own self and hers, between his own inner feelings and emotions and hers, difficult to establish and maintain. The closeness and dependency with his mother made them an emotional unit in a sense, and one important effect of this was not only that Don felt more sympathetic toward his mother in her emotional battles with the father, but that in some degree he experienced his own relationship with the father through the shared emotional closeness with the mother. Moreover, on the father's side of this interaction, his emotional perception and responsiveness to Don was cast in terms of his conscious and unconscious perception of Don and his mother as a unit. Consequently, not only did Don experience his relationship with his father partly in terms of the shared emotional oneness with his mother, but he was responded to in part by his father in terms of that same oneness. 毫无疑问，唐和他母亲的关系是强烈的、紧密的，因此是共生的。从他的观点来看，他和母亲的亲密关系使他很难在自己和母亲之间划清界限。持续的卷入，使得 他自己的自体与母亲的自体、他自己的内心感受和情绪与母亲的内心感受和情绪，二者之间的充分发展分化，难以建立和维持。与母亲的亲密和依赖在某种意义上使他们成为一个情感单位，而这一结果的一个重要影响不仅是在母亲与父亲的情感斗争中，唐更加同情母亲，而且在某种程度上，他 通过与母亲共享的情感亲密 体验了自己与父亲的关系。此外，在这种互动的父亲一方，他对唐的情感感知和反应是基于他对唐和他母亲作为一个整体的有意识和无意识的感知。因此，唐不仅部分地通过与母亲情感上的同一性来体验他与父亲的关系，而且他的父亲也以同样的同一性来回应他。 The effects of Don's symbiotic attachment to his mother and her investment and attachment to him were profound. It seemed clear that the "identification" with her formed a large part of his functioning personality. The history gives us hints of this basic alignment in his passivity, his feminine interests, his liking to do housework and cooking—particularly when helping her at home. The quality of this pattern of behavior is almost that of mother's little girl, rather than that of a boy. But we also know that there was a certain lack of differentiation in this and an emotional closeness and dependency that suggests that separation from the mother and the surrender of his infantile dependence on her was impeded to some degree. In my view, the failure of such early separation processes sets up impediments to positive identification and individuation of the child's person. These early identifications are the processes which enable the child to adequately and increasingly achieve a differentiation between himself and others and to define his own emerging personality. 唐与母亲的共生依恋关系以及母亲对他的投资和依恋所产生的影响是深远的。很明显，对她的“认同”构成了他人格功能的很大一部分。历史向我们暗示了这种基本的对齐：他的被动性、他的女性化兴趣、他喜欢做家务和做饭——尤其是在帮助她做家务时。这种行为模式的性质几乎是母亲的小女孩，而不是男孩。但我们也知道，这里面，以及情感上的亲密和依赖里，存在一定的分化不足，这暗示与母亲的分离以及放弃他对母亲的婴儿依赖 在某种程度上受到了阻碍。在我看来，这种早期分离过程的失败对孩子的人格的正面认同和个体化设置了障碍。这些早期的认同使儿童能够充分并日益实现自己与他人之间的分化，并定义自己正在形成的人格。 We also know clinically that such symbiotic attachments are burdened with considerable ambivalence. The symbiotic attachment increases the importance of the child's dependence on the mother. That dependence is magnified to the extent that any threat of separation or loss of the mother becomes devastating. A child's normal development allows him to gradually separate from the mother and to learn to function on his own without her protectiveness and presence. The persistence of a symbiotic attachment, however, does not allow this gradual separation, so that the growing child's dependence on the mother is intensified. Without her he is lost, and the threat of loss and abandonment becomes even more devastating and frightening. Where the mother's inner needs and gratifications are fulfilled by keeping the child in a dependent and symbiotic position, this process can be prolonged and extended—to the detriment of the child's developmental progression. Thus the mother's protectiveness and closeness can become an intrusiveness and an interference in the child's natural wishes to separate and to gain some measure of autonomy and initiative. The child's inner rage is stirred, but because of the essential dependence on the mother, this anger is itself terribly threatening. Its expression could drive away or destroy the central figure on which the child depends so intensely for survival. 我们在临床上也知道，这种共生的依恋关系背负着相当大的矛盾心理。这种共生的依恋关系增加了孩子对母亲的依赖的重要性。这种依赖被放大到任何与母亲的分离或丧失的威胁都是毁灭性的。孩子的正常发育允许他逐渐脱离母亲，学会在没有母亲保护和存在的情况下独立生活。然而，这种共生依恋关系的持续存在不允许这种逐渐的分离，因此，成长中的孩子对母亲的依赖就会加剧。没有她，他就迷失了，失去和被抛弃的威胁变得更加毁灭性和可怕。如果母亲通过让孩子处于依赖和共生的位置来满足自己的内在需求和满足，这个过程可能会被延长和延长——这对孩子的发展进程是不利的。因此，母亲的保护和亲密会成为一种干扰，干扰孩子想要分离和获得某种程度的自主和主动的自然愿望。孩子内心的愤怒被激起，但由于对母亲的本质依赖，这种愤怒本身就具有可怕的威胁。它的表达可能会赶走或摧毁孩子极度赖以生存的中心人物。 The intensity of such ambivalence is often very great, and in more severe cases can reach cataclysmic proportions. Its resolution is essential for normal ego-structuring positive identifications to take place. If it is not so resolved, then the developing ego is forced into defensive postures and resorts to defensive mechanisms to deal with the threat posed by this ambivalence. Specifically introjective and projective mechanisms come to dominate the organization of the patient's inner world. For Don the introjection of aspects of both parents played an important role in his own pattern of pathology. The introjection and partial identification with his mother had assimilated the vulnerable and victimized aspects of her position in the family. In his closeness and dependency and emotional attachments to her he identified with her depressive, masochistically self-destructive and passive vulnerability. 这种矛盾心理的强度往往非常大，在更严重的情况下，可能达到灾难性的程度。它的解决对于正常自我结构的积极认同的发生至关重要。如果它没有得到解决，那么发展中的自我就会被迫采取防御姿态，诉诸防御机制来应对这种矛盾心理带来的威胁。具体来说，内摄和投射机制开始主导病人的内心世界的组织。对唐来说，父母的各方面的内摄在他自己的病理模式中起了重要作用。他对母亲的内摄和部分认同吸收了她在家庭中脆弱和受害的一面。在他对她的亲密、依赖和情感依恋中，他认同她的抑郁、受虐性地自我毁灭的和被动的脆弱。