Victim and Victimizer 受害者和加害者 In the midst of the family drama of victimization, Don tended to split the roles of victim and aggressive victimizer. He tended to see his mother as the unfortunate victim who was helplessly trapped in her hated position—and on the opposite side of his splitting process he tended to see his father as the brutal and aggressive victimizer. The elements of destructive aggressiveness were thus internally split off and projected onto his father. Don tended to describe his father as a violent, brutal, irascible and quick-tempered man. The father gave him plenty of evidence to support this perception. He kept a gun in his drawer. Don recalls several occasions when, during discussions about the black problem and civil rights, his father said that he wouldn't hesitate to shoot any blacks who would cause trouble. His father once said that if he ever found out that Don was taking drugs, he would kill him. In addition Don's father was a rather rigid, authoritarian, and highly prejudiced man. Don felt the pressure of his authoritarian domination as he grew older, and particularly surrounding his wishes to break away from home and be on his own. 在家庭的受害者戏剧中，唐倾向于把受害者和攻击性的加害者的角色分开。他倾向于把他的母亲看作不幸的受害者，无助地困在她可恨的位置上，而在他分裂过程的另一边，他倾向于把他的父亲看作残忍的、攻击性的加害者。因此，破坏性的攻击性元素在他的内部被分离出来，投射到他的父亲身上。唐倾向于把他的父亲描述成一个暴力、残忍、易怒、脾气暴躁的人。这位父亲给了他大量的证据来支持这种看法。他在抽屉里放了把枪。唐回忆起有几次，在讨论黑人问题和民权时，他的父亲说他会毫不犹豫地射杀任何制造麻烦的黑人。他父亲曾说过，如果他发现唐在吸毒，他会杀了他。此外，唐的父亲是一个相当刻板、专制和高度偏见的人。随着年龄的增长，唐感到了他专制统治的压力，尤其是围绕着他想要离开家独立生活的愿望。 Don's father was cast decisively in the role of the dangerous and destructive aggressor. The introjective process—following the pattern of an identification with the aggressor—assimilated this hostile destructiveness as a part of Don's own inner processes. The projection of these destructive wishes formed the basis of his paranoid fears and ideas. The picture was not this simple and straightforward by any means. Both parents were held as ambivalent objects—and both parents seemed to have shared in various ways in the process of undercutting and actively victimizing the other. There was some awareness of this in Don's mind, but it was a realization that he kept very much in the background. He tended to simplify and polarize the relative positions of his parents, in his own mind and in his recollections of their interaction. The fact of his mother's death tended to reinforce this pattern of perception. He not only felt guilt for his own hostile wishes toward his mother, but he saw his father as responsible for her death and held a bitter hatred for him on this account. 唐的父亲果断地扮演了危险而具有破坏性的攻击者的角色。内摄过程——遵循对攻击者的认同模式——将这种敌意的破坏性吸收为唐自己内在过程的一部分。对这些破坏性愿望的投射形成了他偏执恐惧和观念的基础。无论如何，情况并非如此简单直接。父母双方都被认为是矛盾的客体——而且父母双方似乎都以不同的方式在削弱对方并积极地使对方受害。唐心里多少意识到了这一点，但这是一种他一直隐藏在幕后的意识。在他自己的头脑中，在他对父母交往的回忆中，他倾向于将父母的相对地位简单化和两极化。他母亲的去世强化了这种看法。他不仅为自己对母亲怀有敌意而感到内疚，而且认为父亲应对母亲的死负责，因此对父亲怀有深深的仇恨。 We can point out here again—as in other family interactions we have seen and will see—that the pattern of interaction and the collusive alignment of parental pathologies not only undermines the constructive aspects of inner psychological development in the child and forces internalization processes to function in more specifically defensive ways, but also generates a style of interaction within the family which can be characterized as paranoid. This derives at a fundamental level from the ambivalent victimization process that obtains in the parental interaction—it also derives from other aspects in the family process. In this family, we might wonder to what extent Don's father was really paranoid. We can document his authoritarian and highly prejudiced attitudes and beliefs. We can also document to a certain extent his own expectations of attack and destructive assault from outside. But we can also wonder about his angry attacks on his patients and others with whom he came in contact, and the increasing pattern of isolation and withdrawal that characterized his life-style. Projective mechanisms undoubtedly played a significant role in the father's experience—and there was a pattern of suspicious guardedness and withdrawal that might make us suspect some paranoid elements in him. We can wonder about Don's mother as well. She also led a rather withdrawn and isolated life. She had few friends, rarely went out, and stayed at home drinking: she seems to have had more chronically depressed periods than anything else. We really have less to go on than with Don's father. In any case there was a definite atmosphere in his family of isolation from the outside world, of hostility to outside influences, a family more or less closed in on itself and defensively withdrawn from the expectations of external threats. Don's father lived in a world of expected dangers and threats. His mother lived in a frightened isolation eased only by the oblivion of alcohol. In terms of his involvement in the pathology of his parents, Don was drawn into this vortex and shared in the fears and anxieties of his parents—fears and anxieties that were both partially expressed and also lived out in the style of the family existence. Don became a very shy, timid, withdrawn, fearful, child, who dreaded the outside world and clung to the protective closeness of home and mother. 我们可以在这里再次指出——就像我们已经看到和将要看到的其他家庭互动一样——父母病态的互动模式和共谋对齐不仅破坏了孩子内在心理发展的建设性方面，迫使内化过程以更特定的防御性方式运行，而且还在家庭中产生了一种可以被描述为偏执的互动风格。这从根本上来自于父母互动中的矛盾受害过程，也来自于家庭过程的其他方面。在这个家庭里，我们可能想知道唐的父亲到底有多偏执。我们可以记录下他的专制和高度偏见的态度和信仰。我们也可以在一定程度上记录他自己对攻击和来自外部的破坏性攻击的预期。但我们也想知道，他对病人和其他接触过的人的愤怒攻击，以及他生活方式中越来越多的孤立和退缩模式。投射机制无疑在父亲的经历中起了重要作用——他有一种可疑的戒心和退缩的模式，这可能会让我们怀疑他有偏执的元素。我们也好奇唐的母亲。她也过着相当孤僻的生活。她几乎没有朋友，很少外出，总是呆在家里喝酒：她似乎有更多的慢性抑郁期。比起唐的父亲，我们没什么可查的。无论如何，他的家庭确实有一种与外界隔绝，对外界的影响充满敌意的气氛，一个或多或少封闭自己，从 对外界威胁的预期 中防御性退缩 的家庭。唐的父亲生活在一个充满危险和威胁的世界里。他的母亲过着令人恐惧的与世隔绝的生活，只有酒精使她忘却了一切，得以缓解。就他父母的病态而言，唐被卷入了这个漩涡，并分享了父母的恐惧和焦虑——这些恐惧和焦虑既部分表达出来，也以家庭存在的方式表现出来。唐变成了一个非常害羞、胆怯、孤僻、害怕的孩子，他害怕外面的世界，紧紧抓住家和母亲的亲密保护。