Ambivalence 矛盾心理 Focusing then on the introjective pathology in our patients, it becomes clear that in all of the patients we have studied, the patient's personality, the internal pattern of organization which constitutes the inner reality of his personality and of his self, is organized around identifiable introjects. The introjects are derived from object-relations which are overloaded with intense ambivalent affect. The introjects are patterned out of a combination of internalizations of relations to the significant figures in the child's environment, particularly the mother and father, but also other significant figures, particularly the siblings. Thus the introjective alignment that characterizes the inner world of any given patient will vary according to the patterning of these introjects. 聚焦我们病人的内摄性病理，很明显，在我们研究过的所有病人中，病人的人格，构成他的人格和自体的内在现实的内部组织模式，是围绕可识别的内摄物组织起来的。内摄物来自于承载着强烈矛盾情感的客体关系。这些内摄物是通过对孩子环境中重要人物的关系的内化的组合形成的，尤其是父母，还有其他重要人物，尤其是兄弟姐妹。因此，对于任何给定病人，作为其内在世界特征的内摄对齐，将根据这些内摄物的模式而变化。 The ambivalence is an extremely important aspect of introjective pathology, since it is the more or less destructive component of the ambivalence which fixates the process of internalization at the level of introjection. Where ambivalence is minimal, and where the destructive component doesn't interfere with the process of internalization, the introjective aspects of the individual's developmental structuring are minimized and the mechanisms of identification are thus able to play a more significant role in the developmental process. We will have more to say about this under the heading of genetic influences, but the point to be made here is that the quality of the introject derives from and reflects the quality of the object-relations with important figures. 矛盾心理是内摄病理学中一个极其重要的方面，因为它是矛盾心理中或多或少具有破坏性的组成部分，它将内化的过程固定在内摄的水平上。当矛盾心理最小化，破坏性成分不干扰内化过程时，个体发展结构的内摄方面被最小化，认同机制因此能够在发展过程中发挥更重要的作用。我们将在起源影响的标题下对此进行更多的讨论，但这里要指出的是，内摄物的质量源自并反映了与重要人物的客体关系的质量。 More significantly these important relationships are highly ambivalent: it is this aspect of the relationship which provides the context for introjective mechanisms to come into play. Moreover, the more intense these ambivalent relations, the more is the internalized object the bearer of intense and conflicted emotions. The greater the intensity of ambivalence, therefore, the greater will be the susceptibility of the introject itself to the influence of drive derivatives, particularly the derivatives of aggressive drives. 更重要的是，这些重要的关系是高度矛盾的：正是这种关系的这一方面为内射机制的发挥提供了背景。此外，这些矛盾关系越强烈，内化的客体就越是强烈和冲突的情绪的承载者。因此，矛盾心理的强度越大，内摄物本身就越容易受到驱力衍生物的影响，特别是攻击性驱力的衍生物。 Thus our patients acquire a presence within the inner world of their experience of themselves which is quasi-autonomous and which is the bearer of a burden of painful, anxiety-producing, and self-depreciating affects. In the most severely disturbed patients, who function at a more or less schizophrenic level—I am thinking now particularly of Ann, Bob, Clare, Ellen, Fred, Gloria, and Henry—the introject presents itself as a palpable presence within the self, a presence that at times almost seems to have an independent reality and life of its own. In these cases, the introject has fairly specific and consistent and identifiable characteristics. It reflects the introjective assimilation of a relation to both a destructive, aggressive, victimizing object, on one hand, and the introjective assimilation of the relation to a victimized object, on the other. These introjects operate in conjunction within the inner world of the patient, so that the latter feels at one time that he is a weak, helpless, dependent, and altogether ineffectual victim, but at other times will feel that he is in fact a powerful, destructive, monstrous, and dangerous individual who can only create destruction and harm in whatever he attempts. 因此，我们的病人在他们对自己的体验的内心世界中获得了一种存在，这种体验是半自主的，它承担着痛苦的、产生焦虑的和自体贬低的感情的负担。在那些或多或少处于精神分裂水平的严重精神紊乱患者中——我想到了安娜，鲍勃，克莱尔，埃伦，弗雷德，格洛丽亚，和亨利——内摄表现为一种自体中可触及的存在，一种有时似乎拥有自己独立的现实和生命的存在。在这些病例中，内摄物具有相当具体、一致和可识别的特征。它一方面反映了对与一个具有破坏性、攻击性、迫害性的客体的关系的内摄性吸收，另一方面反映了对与一个受害性的客体的关系的内摄性吸收。这些内摄物一起在病人的内心世界中运作，所以，病人有时感觉自己是一个软弱、无助、依赖，和完全无力的受害者，但是有时候会觉得自己实际上是一个强大的、毁灭性的、可恶的、危险的人，只会在任何他尝试的活动中制造破坏和伤害。