The Concept of Introjection 内摄的概念 The first order of business is to clarify the notion of introjection itself. In another place (Meissner, 1971b, 1972), I have attempted a clarification of the problems of internalization in a somewhat broader theoretical perspective, but the role of introjection in the understanding of internalization processes is a central one. This is particularly true since introjection functions over a relatively broad range of developmental events, and has considerable influence in the patterns of internal structuralization. Along with identification, introjection provides the basic roots by which object-relations are internalized and form the structural parameters for the up-building of ego and superego. 首要任务是澄清“内摄”这个概念本身。在另一个地方(Meissner, 1971b, 1972)，我试图从更广泛的理论角度澄清内化的问题，但 内摄的作用 在理解 内化过程 时是一个核心。这一点尤其正确，因为内摄作用于一个相对广泛的发展事件，并对内部结构化的模式有相当大的影响。与 认同 一样，内摄 也为客体关系的内化提供了基本根源，并为自我和超我的建立提供了结构参数。 In my previous attempt to specify the concept of introjection, I put it in the following terms: 在我上次试图具体说明“内摄”的概念时，我用了下列用语: Incorporation and introjection are ... internalizing mechanisms which serve phase-specific developmental and defensive ends which are correlative with the level of internal structure formation and the degree of object relatedness. Introjection, together with its correlative mechanism of projection, is analyzed in terms of a transitional object model of object relatedness. Introjection is distinguished from identification by reason of its instinctual drive-dependence and derivation, its function in the economy of conflict and defense, the character of introjects as primary process presences (as quasi-autonomous sources of intra-psychic activity which maintains a relative distance from the subjective ego core), and by its susceptibility to projection and greater capacity for regression. Introjection, therefore, emerges as a meta-psychologically distinct process which differs from identification, economically, dynamically, structurally, genetically, and adaptively (1971b, pp. 300-301). 融合和内化…是服务于 特定阶段的发展和防御目的 的内化机制，这些目的与内部结构形成水平和客体关联程度相关。内化机制与内部结构形成的水平和客体关联程度相关。从 客体相关性 的 过渡性客体模型 出发，分析了客体的内摄及其投射的相关机理。内摄 跟 认同 区别开来的原因 是它的本能驱力依赖和起源，是它在 冲突和防御 的经济中的作用，是内摄物作为初级过程存在的特点(这些初级过程是内部心理活动的准自动来源，这些内部心理活动保持了 与 主观自我核心 的相对距离)，以及它对 投射 和 退行的更大能力 的易感性。因此，内摄是一个在经济上、动力学上、结构上、起源上和适应性上 都不同于认同 的元心理上就截然不同的过程(1971b, pp. 300-301)。 Thus in speaking of the introjective aspects of the paranoid process, we are specifically addressing ourselves to the significant aspects of the internal structure of the personality. Clinically speaking, we might ask ourselves in what way introjective processes manifest themselves. According to the formulation just quoted, the critical elements which characteristically are reflected in the economy of introjects are their derivation from and dependence on instinctual derivatives, their role in internal conflict and defensive operations, their susceptibility to primary process influences, their regressive potential and finally their capacity for projection. It must be remembered in this context that introjects have to do with the organization and representation of the patient's self. 因此，在谈到偏执过程的内摄方面时，我们是在特别强调人格内部结构的重要方面。从临床角度来说，我们可能会问自己，内摄过程是如何表现自己的。根据刚刚引用过的表述，典型反映在内摄经济中 的关键元素 是它们从本能派生物的起源 以及 对本能派生物的依赖，是它们在内部冲突和防御操作中的角色，是它们对于初级过程影响的易感性，是它们的退行潜力 以及最后 它们对投射的能力。在这种情况下必须记住，内摄与病人自体的组织和表现有关。 The concept of introjection was acquired by Freud from Ferenczi. The classic formulation of the mechanism of introjection was provided in Freud's Mourning and Melancholia (Freud, 1917). Freud described introjection as the mechanism by which the lost object was internalized so that it became a part of the organization of the ego. As he put it, "the shadow of the object fell on the ego." The mechanism was one which he labeled as narcissistic identification, and it was the basic mechanism that he applied to the development of the superego, as a result of the dissolution of the Oedipal situation. 内摄的概念是弗洛伊德从费伦茨那里获得的。弗洛伊德的《哀悼与抑郁》(Freud, 1917)提供了关于内摄机制的经典构想。弗洛伊德将内摄描述为一种机制，通过这种机制，丧失的客体被内化，从而成为自我组织的一部分。正如他所说，“客体的影子落在自我身上。”他把这种机制称为自恋认同，这是他应用于超我发展的基本机制，是俄狄浦斯情境消失的结果。 Although the analysis of the superego provided a sort of template in Freud's thinking for the description of introjective processes, it seems clear that introjection is not limited to superego formulation. If we think of a continuum of internalization processes, introjection stands somewhere in between the more primitive mechanisms of incorporation, which functions at a relatively oral and highly narcissistic level, and the more autonomous and integrated processes which are characteristic of identification. 虽然对超我的分析为弗洛伊德思考内摄过程的描述 提供了一种模板，但似乎很明显，内摄并不局限于超我的形成。如果我们认为内化过程是一个连续的过程，那么，内摄就处于比较原始的融合机制(在相对口头和高度自恋的层面上发挥作用)和更为自主和整合的过程(以认同为特征)之间。