Paranoid Mechanisms: Projection 偏执机制：投射 We have already had occasion in our preliminary discussion of paranoid mechanisms to delineate some of the formal aspects of projection. We emphasized in that discussion some of the basic functions and the nature of projection, particularly emphasizing its correlative relationship with the mechanism of introjection. One of the characteristic dimensions of introjects is their susceptibility and availability for projection. 我们在对偏执机制的初步讨论中，已经有机会对投射的一些形式方面进行了界定。我们在讨论中强调了投射的一些基本功能和性质，特别强调了它与内摄机制的相互关系。内摄物的特征之一是其对投射的易感性和可得性。 We have made the point already—but it bears repeating—that projection has often been taken as the hallmark of paranoia. However, it is clear on clinical grounds that one cannot identify projective mechanisms with paranoia, as well as its being abundantly clear that projection plays a role in other diagnostic categories. Our shift in emphasis has been from the diagnosis of paranoia to a consideration of the paranoid process. But even here, it must be said that the paranoid process is a more complex phenomenon than would be implied if it were to be regarded reductively simply in terms of projection. We will have occasion to amplify this point of view later on. But our present concern is to specify the notion of projection, to clarify our conception of how it relates to, and is involved in, the paranoid process, and envision the extent, variety, and ultimately the connotations of its expression. 我们已经提出了这一观点，但值得重复的是，投射往往被认为是偏执症的标志。然而，从临床上看，显然不能把投射机制与偏执症相提并论，而且非常清楚的是，投射在其他诊断类别中也发挥着作用。我们的重点已经从偏执症的诊断转向对偏执过程的考虑。但即使在这里，也必须说，偏执过程是一个比简单地从投射角度来看待它所暗示的更为复杂的现象。我们以后会有机会强化这个观点。但我们目前关心的是具体说明投射的概念，澄清我们关于它与偏执过程的关系和参与偏执过程的概念，并设想其表达的程度、多样性和最终的内涵。