Introjects in Nightmares 噩梦中的内摄 The projective content of the nightmare can be seen to be derived from the introjects which are the product of various levels of the patient's experience. Under the regressive pull of the sleep state, it is the threatening figures and the angry voices from the past, related to introjects acquired in the earliest years of childhood, that come alive in the dream and turn upon the dreamer to attack him—often decades later, when the child has become an adult. For the child, of course, it would seem that the availability of loved objects during the daytime serves as a buffer for these regressive anxieties. But sleep inevitably involves a separation from parents or other loved objects. Frequently enough, it is the threat of abandonment or the separation from loved objects that triggers the anxiety which results in the production of nightmares in which the subject feels abandoned and unprotected. Frequently enough the nightmare results in a reestablishing of contact with these important figures, as for example when the child is taken into the parents' bedroom or even into the parents' bed to be quieted and comforted. Mack even suggests that this secondary gain is not only a help in enabling the child to master the dream anxiety, but that it also has the secondary gain of restoring contact with the loved object. 梦魇的投射性内容可以看作是来自于内摄物，而内摄物是患者不同层次经验的产物。在睡眠状态的退行拉力下，与童年早期获得的内摄物有关的那些来自过去的威胁性人物和愤怒的声音，在梦中活生生地出现，并转向梦者并攻击他——往往是在几十年后，当孩子已经成年的时候。当然，对于孩子来说，白天有爱的客体，似乎可以作为这些退行性焦虑的缓冲。但睡眠不可避免地涉及到与父母或其他爱的客体的分离。常常是被遗弃的威胁或与爱客体的分离引发了焦虑，从而导致了噩梦的产生，在噩梦中，受试者感到被遗弃和不受保护。通常情况下，噩梦的结果是重新建立与这些重要人物的联系，例如，当孩子被带到父母的卧室，甚至是父母的床上，得到安静和安慰。Mack甚至认为，这种二次收益不仅是帮助孩子掌握梦境焦虑，而且还有恢复与爱的客体接触的二次收益。 The content of the nightmare experience itself would seem to be reflective of the level of regression to which the dream is drawn. The dream objects reflect the influence of the developmental period in which the introjection took place. Generally, the introjects prior to the age of two are represented as threatening aspects of other persons or as menacing machines or animals. From two to five it is simple monsters and animals that predominate, while more sophisticated monsters, machines, and human figures are found in the nightmares of older children and even adults. A given nightmare, however, can resurrect dream images which relate to introjects from any or all of these levels of development. Parents are often represented not as they are currently seen by the individual, but rather as they are perceived in the pregenital period in terms of highly ambivalent attitudes which are considerably overloaded with primitive oral and anal aggressiveness. Thus the dream regression reflects the intense projection of the child's own destructive impulses onto the parental images. 噩梦体验的内容本身似乎就能反映出梦境的退行程度。梦中的客体反映了内摄发生的发展时期的影响。一般来说，两岁以前的内摄物表现为他人的威胁方面，或表现为威胁性的机器或动物。从两岁到五岁，主要是简单的怪物和动物，而更复杂的怪物、机器和人的形象则出现在大孩子甚至成年人的噩梦中。然而，一个特定的噩梦，可以复活的梦境图像，涉及到任何或所有这些发展水平的内摄物。父母往往不是以个体目前所看到的样子出现，而是以他们在孩子前性器时期的形象出现，以一种高度矛盾的态度，这种态度大大超载了原始的口欲和肛欲的攻击性。因此，梦境的退行反映了儿童自身的破坏性冲动在父母形象上的强烈投射。 We can suggest that the persistence of these introjective contents, so highly colored with infantile ambivalences, is one of the clues to the primitive organization of the inner world of our own patients. It is the relative fixation of these highly ambivalent introjective contents, which fail somehow to be modified or metabolized by later internalizations that forms the basis for the paranoid distortion. Such paranoid elements, indeed, may also emerge under the regressive conditions of the dream, particularly when the adult waking experience is accompanied by particular stresses or anxieties. Thus Mack notes: 我们可以认为，这些内摄性内容的持续存在，如此高度的婴儿矛盾色彩，是我们自己的病人内心世界原始组织的线索之一。正是这些高度矛盾的内摄性内容的相对固着，在某种程度上未能被后来的内化修改或代谢，构成了偏执扭曲的基础。事实上，这种偏执元素，也可能在梦境的退行条件下出现，特别是当成人的清醒经验伴随着特殊的压力或焦虑时。因此，麦克指出： Regression in nightmares may also affect portions of the personality that have seemed to function independently from the original objects. Personality structures that were formed from the internalization of object representations that have been built into apparently stable ego identifications temporarily undergo regressive transformations. Regression in this situation results in a kind of segregation or re-segregation, in which structures such as the superego, which have come to function automatically within the personality, seem to become fragmented. The early object representations, especially hostile ones, then confront other portions of the ego in the dream in their original elemental form as an angry voice, noise, or other threatening or accusatory image (1970, p. 66). 噩梦中的退行也可能影响人格中似乎已经独立于原有客体发挥作用的部分。由客体表征内化形成的人格结构，建立在表面上稳定的自我认同中，暂时发生了退行性转变。在这种情况下，退行的结果是一种隔离或再隔离，在这种情况下，已经在人格内部自动发挥作用的超我等结构似乎变得支离破碎。早期的客体表征，尤其是敌意的客体表征，然后在梦中以其原始的元素形式面对自我的其他部分，如愤怒的声音、噪音或其他威胁或指责的形象（1970年，第66页）。