Job Phobias 工作恐惧症 A recent study of job phobias reveals that patients experience extreme difficulty in getting to work, as well as frequent bouts of anxiety, depressive episodes, and multiple somatic complaints connected with employment. These patients tend to be conscientious and relatively perfectionistic in the performance of their work tasks. Their work, however, never measures up to their own standards, and they continually resort to self-criticism and a feeling of failure. Such patients are sensitive to any reproach from authority figures with whom they may be in conflict and are constantly in fear of losing their job—even though the standard of job performance is generally good (Radin, 1972). This same pattern is identifiable in several of our patients, particularly Jimmy J., on the level of the anxious and neurotic commitment to failure, and in Bob B., on the level of psychotic paralysis and avoidance of career commitment. 最近一项关于工作恐惧症的研究显示，患者在上班时经历了极度的困难，以及与就业有关的频繁的焦虑、抑郁发作和多种躯体不适。这些患者在完成工作任务时往往很认真，而且比较完美主义。然而，他们的工作从来没有达到自己的标准，他们不断地进行自我批评，有失败感。这类患者对来自权威人士的任何指责都很敏感，他们可能与这些权威人士发生冲突，并且一直处于害怕失去工作的恐惧之中——即使工作表现的标准一般都很好（Radin，1972）。这种相同的模式在我们的几个病人身上是可以识别的，特别是吉姆，在焦虑和神经质的失败承诺的水平上，以及鲍勃，在精神麻痹和逃避职业承诺的水平上。 The fear of vocational success is a not uncommon phobic condition, particularly in highly competitive and achievement-oriented culture like ours. The essential feature in such cases is the inhibition of aggression. The inhibition has its origin in the rivalries between child and parent or between child and siblings. The rivalries are experienced unconsciously as murderous attacks, and where the competition is intense, the pattern of interaction tends to reinforce the symbolic equation of aggression or assertion and violence. The patient becomes inhibited and withdraws from all forms of competition out of a fear of murderous retaliation. At times these fears take the form of more explicitly paranoid concerns over homosexual assault (Ovesey, 1962). The picture seen so often in these patients was reproduced in a very characteristic fashion in Jim J. His commitment to failure was in part a retreat from competitive confrontation of both the Oedipal father and the intensely rivalrous sibling. But it was also based to a considerable extent on other pregenital determinants as well. 对职业成功的恐惧是一种并不罕见的恐惧症，特别是在我们这种高度竞争和成就导向的文化中。这种情况的基本特征是对攻击的抑制。这种抑制源于孩子和父母之间或孩子和兄弟姐妹之间的竞争。竞争在不知不觉中被体验为谋杀性的攻击，而在竞争激烈的地方，互动的模式往往会加强 攻击或主张 和暴力的 象征性等同。患者出于对谋杀性报复的恐惧，变得抑制和退出一切形式的竞争。有时，这些恐惧采取的形式是对同性恋攻击的更明确的偏执担忧（Ovesey，1962）。在这些病人身上经常看到的画面在吉姆身上以一种非常有特点的方式再现，他对失败的承诺在一定程度上是从俄狄浦斯父亲和竞争激烈的兄弟姐妹的竞争对抗的退缩。但它在相当程度上也是基于其他前性器决定因素。