Relation to Projection 与投射的关系 A word of caution is advisable here. The paranoid construction is not identical with the organization of introjects, nor can it be identified with the content of projections. The paranoid construction is specifically a cognitive integration and formation. It accompanies and incorporates specific projections, and derives its motivating force from its relation to the underlying introjective system. It is a complex cognitive organization which is elaborated on the basis of not only projections, but also other sources of informational input derived both internally and externally. 这里有一句忠告是可取的。偏执建构并不等同于内摄物的组织，也不能等同于投射的内容。偏执建构是一种具体的 认知 整合与形成。它 伴随和合并 特定的投射，并从它与潜在的内摄系统 的关系中 获得它的动力。它是一种复杂的 认知组织，它不仅基于投射，而且基于 来自内部和外部 的其他信息输入来源。 Thus the paranoid construction can have a profoundly distorting effect on experience and reality testing without necessarily involving projection. As, for example, in the case of Bob B., who was profoundly and persistently convinced that he was impotent, in the face of an indeterminant string of pregnancies and abortions related to his sexual activity. The inner conviction clearly related to the introjective aspects of his experience in which he felt himself to be defective, inadequate, and impotent. The clearly contrary indications in reality had to be negated and denied. 因此，偏执建构可以在不需要投射的情况下 对经验和现实测试 产生深刻的扭曲影响。例如，在鲍勃的例子中，他在面对一系列与他的性行为有关的 不可决定的怀孕和堕胎时，极度而持久地相信他是阳痿的。内心的信念显然与他经验的内摄方面有关，他觉得自己在这方面是有缺陷的、不足的、无能的。必须 否定和否认 现实中明显相反的迹象。 Similarly Jimmy's need to see himself as a weak, dependent, and failure-doomed child allowed him to see the world in terms of threatening or defeating or overwhelming or even hostile and persecutory objects. But there are many aspects of his experience that countered this view, specifically in his capacity to function at a relatively high level of capacity. Similarly Karen's perception of herself as vulnerable and susceptible, such that she could easily be taken advantage of by others, particularly by the men of her acquaintance, blindly overlooked and ignored the obvious capacities and strengths that she did in fact possess. 同样地，吉米需要把自己看成一个软弱、依赖、注定失败的孩子，这让他 以威胁、挫败、压倒甚至是敌对、迫害的客体 来看待这个世界。但他的很多经验都与这个观点相悖，特别是他的能力在一个相对较高的水平上。同样的，卡伦认为自己脆弱并易受影响，很容易被别人利用，特别是被她认识的男人利用，这就盲目地忽略了她实际上拥有的明显的能力和优势。 But in none of these instances can it be said that the complete understanding of what was at issue could be encapsulated in the term "projection." Unquestionably there were often projective elements involved, but what was more to the issue was the fact that these individuals had constructed an interpretive set of categories and system of hypotheses by which they interpreted their experience and evaluated their own position and place within that experience. Thus the paranoid construction becomes a kind of internal and private belief system by which they guide themselves and through which they can evaluate what passes in their experience. 但在所有这些情况下，都不能说对问题的完全理解可以概括为“投射”一词。毫无疑问，这其中通常会涉及投射元素，但更重要的是，这些个体已经建构了一套解释性的 分类和假设系统，他们通过这些分类和系统来解释自己的经验，并评估自己在这些经验中的位置和位置。因此，偏执建构成为一种内在的、私人的信仰体系，通过它，他们可以引导自己，通过它，他们可以评估自己经历过的事情。 Besides its continuity with normal and basically human cognitive processes, one of the important characteristics of the paranoid construction is that it has an immediate reference to the individual's self-concept. The organization and structuring of experience which it provides offers a context within which the specific introjects can function. The paranoid construction therefore, serves partly defensively and partly adaptively the inner need to sustain and support the alignment of introjects. The motivation for the paranoid construction stems partly from the cognitive dynamism toward integration and coherency of meaning, but also in important ways stems from the need to preserve the introjects. In part, therefore, the paranoid construction derives from the same basic motivations that inhere in the formation of the introjects to begin with. The introjects form the basis for the perception of the self which the paranoid construction complements by building a view of reality and of input information, which is congruent with that perception of self and gives it a meaningful matrix by which it can be related to significant objects. In other words, the patient must see the world in terms that allow him to persist in the belief about himself which is based upon the relevant introjects. The persistence and resistance to change which characterize the paranoid construction are correlative with the pressure to retain the introjects and the defensive need which underlies that pressure. 偏执建构除了与正常的、基本的人类认知过程保持连续性外，其重要特征之一是直接参照个体的自体概念。它所提供的经验的 组织和结构 提供了一个特定的内摄物可以在其中发挥作用的环境。因此，偏执建构部分是防御性地，部分是自适应地，服务于 维持和支持 与内摄物对齐 的内在需求。偏执建构的动机，一方面来自于对 意义整合与连贯 的认知动力，另一方面也来自于对保留内摄物的需要。因此，在某种程度上，偏执建构源自于同样的基本动机，即内摄物形成开始的基本动机[我感觉原文像是个病句，begin with后边可以接motivation]。内摄物构成了对自体的感知的基础，偏执建构通过建立 对现实和输入信息 的看法 来补充对自体的感知，这与对自体的感知是一致的，并为它提供了一个有意义的环境，可以将其与重要客体联系起来。换句话说，患者看待世界的方式 必须能让他坚持对自己的信念，这种信念是建立在相关的内摄物上的。偏执建构所表现出来的坚持和对变化的抵抗，与 保持内摄物 的压力 以及 作为压力基础的防御需求相关。