DEFENSIVE ASPECTS 防御方面 We begin our extrapolation of the paranoid process with a consideration of its defensive functioning. While the consideration of defensive functioning is rooted in the pathology of the process, it nonetheless provides an important transitional consideration. It is not simply that the defensive aspects of the process are such that no human being escapes them. It is also that the reflection on defensive functions points the way to and illumines our consideration of later developmental and adaptive aspects of the process. 我们从对偏执过程防御功能的思考开始对其进行外推。虽然对防御功能的思考根植于过程的病理，但它仍然提供了一个重要的过渡思考。没有人可以逃脱它们，这不是简单的是这个过程的防御方面。同时，对防御功能的反思也为我们今后对这一过程的发展和适应方面的思考指明了方向，并提供了启发。 The perspective of a consideration of the defensive aspects of the paranoid process must be primarily intrapsychic. The process functions essentially in the service of narcissism. We want to focus on this relationship, particularly bringing into conjunction the functioning of the process in relation to injured or deprived narcissism. The particular pathological manifestations which we are to focus on are depression, shame, and envy. 对偏执过程的防御方面的考虑，主要必须是精神内部的。这一过程本质上是为自恋服务的。我们想要关注这种关系，尤其是将这一过程的功能与受伤或被剥夺的自恋联系起来。我们要关注的特殊病理表现是抑郁，羞耻和嫉妒。 Related to this whole question of narcissism is the other essential element in paranoid manifestations, namely, that of aggression. Aggression plays an important role in the paranoid process, particularly in the service of salvaging and redeeming narcissistic deficits. But what becomes quickly apparent in this transitional consideration of defensive aspects is that the same processes operate in important and significant ways in sustaining and promoting normal processes of development and adaptation. It is only in the deeper consideration of the defensive functions that we can begin to bring into focus some of these more constructive and productive aspects of the process. 与这整个自恋问题相关的是偏执表现的另一个基本要素，即攻击性。攻击性在偏执的过程中扮演着重要的角色，尤其是在拯救和弥补自恋缺陷的过程中。但是，在对防御方面的这种过渡性考虑中很快变得明显的是，在维持和促进正常的发展和适应的过程中，同样的过程以重要和有意义的方式发挥了作用。只有在更深入地思考防御功能时，我们才能开始集中注意这一过程中一些更具建设性和建设性的方面。