Narcissistic Identification 自恋认同 The basic insight into the nature of depressive states was provided by Freud in his Mourning and Melancholia (1917 [19151). The bases of the pathology in Freud's formulation lie in the narcissistic (introjective) identification by which the ambivalently regarded object was internalized. With the shift in libidinal cathexis from an exterior to an interior direction, there was a redirection of aggressive and destructive energies. Consequently, the resentment and hateful components of the original ambivalence came to be directed against the patient's self. The emphasis in Freud's approach fell upon the redirection of aggressive impulses, but nonetheless the involvement and derivation from a basically narcissistic libidinal distribution were an evident and primary part of the pathology. The introjective mechanisms were later adapted by Freud to his concept of superego formation, so that the superego came to provide the basis for understanding unconscious guilt mechanisms and also became the vehicle for the understanding of depressive states. 对抑郁状态本质的基本洞察是由弗洛伊德的《哀悼与忧郁症》(1917年[19151年])提供的。弗洛伊德理论的病理基础在于自恋(内摄性)认同，通过这种认同，被矛盾看待的客体被内化。随着力比多精神投入从外部向内部的转移，有一种攻击性和破坏性能量的重新定向。因此，最初矛盾心理的怨恨和仇恨成分开始指向病人的自体。佛洛伊德方法的重点落在攻击冲动的重定向上，但尽管如此，从一个基本的自恋力比多分布的介入和衍生是病理学的一个明显和主要部分。这种内摄机制后来被佛洛伊德运用到他的超我形成的概念中，从而使超我成为理解无意识内疚机制的基础，也成为理解抑郁状态的工具。