Grandiose Fantasies 夸大幻想 Reich(1960) relates the problem of narcissistic fixation to conditions of quantitative cathectic imbalance, i.e, when the balance between object-cathexis and self-cathexis has been disturbed in the direction of excessive self-cathexis, or to the persistence of infantile forms of narcissism in which self-cathexis is fixed at a level of incomplete ego differentiation and self-object differentiation. Such fixation often results in the resort to magical devices to achieve satisfaction of needs or to attain some degree of mastery of reality. However, the growing ego is always confronted with its own weakness and limitation and continually challenged to accept these limitations. The persistent infantile wish to attain the impossible thus reveals a lack of ability to face both inner and outer reality. The injury to self-esteem is compensated often by narcissistic self-inflation and grandiosity. When this attempt at compensation fails, however, it may result in severe symptoms. Reich(1960)将自恋固着问题与精神投入数量上的失衡的条件联系起来，即，当客体-精神投入和自体-精神投入之间的平衡被扰乱，向过度的自体-精神投入的方向发展，或向婴儿形式的自恋的持续方向发展，在婴儿式自恋中，自体-精神投入被固着在不完全的自我分化和自体客体分化的水平上。这种固着常常导致诉诸魔法手段来满足需要或获得对现实的某种程度的掌握。然而，不断增长的自我总是面临着自身的弱点和局限性，并不断被挑战着接受这些局限性。持续的婴儿式愿望，想要达到不可能的目的，因此显示出缺乏能力，以面对内部和外部的现实。对自尊的伤害往往由自恋的自我膨胀和夸大来弥补。然而，当这种补偿尝试失败时，可能会导致严重的症状。 In our patients, where the failure of highly narcissistic convictions and ambitions—most acutely and extremely in the form of psychotic delusional systems—occurs, the patient is inevitably plunged into a severe depressive state. Often when such compensatory mechanisms become undermined, forms of self-consciousness and hypochondriacal anxiety manifest themselves. Thus Jim's recurrent hypochondriacal concerns or Bob's delusions of impotence which were so resistant to modification by reality. Such states of mind along with depression form the primary aspects of pathological narcissism. The persistence of grandiose fantasies is described further by Reich (1960) as forms of primitive ego-ideals related to primitive identifications(introjections). The degree of pathology depends on the capacity of the ego to function adequately on a realistic level and on the availability of or capacity for sublimation in the service of partially realizing or transposing the fantasy ambitions into realistic attainments. Often the grandiose fantasy is over-cathected due to the intensity of inner needs and the distinction between wish and reality becomes obscure. 在我们的患者中，高度自恋的信念和追求的失败——以精神病性妄想系统的形式最为严重和极端——发生时，患者不可避免地陷入严重的抑郁状态。通常，当这种补偿机制被破坏时，自我意识和疑病症焦虑的形式就会显现出来。因此，吉姆反复出现的疑病症，或者鲍勃对阳痿的幻想，都无法被现实所改变。这种精神状态和抑郁构成了病态自恋的主要方面。夸大幻想的持续被Reich(1960)进一步描述为原始理想自我的形式，其与原始认同(内摄)相关。病理性的程度取决于自我在现实层面上充分发挥作用的能力，以及在将幻想抱负部分实现或转化为现实成就的过程中，是否有可能或有能力得到升华。由于强烈的内心需求，夸大幻想往往被过度精神投入，愿望与现实之间的区别变得模糊。 Such unsublimated and relatively grandiose fantasies easily shift to feelings of utter dejection, worthlessness, or to hypochondriacal anxieties. Often the narcissistic affliction takes the form of extreme and violent oscillations of self-esteem. Periods of elation and self-infatuation are followed almost cyclically by feelings of total dejection and worthlessness. The infantile value system knows only absolute perfection and attainment or complete destruction and worthlessness. The shift can be precipitated by the most insignificant disappointment or experience of failure. A patient like Jim does not suffer from a slight muscle spasm; he suffers from some form of cancer. He does not merely have a cough, but suffers from lung cancer. He could paralyze himself in indecision over a simple telephone call because of the potential for disappointment which his narcissism translated into total defeat and failure and loss of career. In the logic of such extremes, there are no degrees of shadings. The situation is all or nothing, black or white, all good or all bad, omnipotent or impotent. Any shortcoming or failure to attain absolute perfection is translated into terms of absolute failure. 这种未升华的、相对夸大的幻想很容易转变成彻底的沮丧、毫无价值或疑病症焦虑。通常，自恋的痛苦表现为自尊的极端和剧烈波动。在兴高采烈和自我陶醉的时期之后，几乎周期性地出现完全沮丧和毫无价值的感觉。婴儿式的价值系统只知道绝对的完美和成就，或者完全的毁灭和没有价值。这种转变可能是由最微不足道的失望或失败经历促成的。像吉姆这样的病人不会有轻微的肌肉痉挛;他患了某种癌症。他不仅咳嗽，而且还患了肺癌。他可能会因为对打一个简单的电话犹豫不决而使自己不能动弹，因为这可能会带来失望，而他的自恋会将这种失望翻译为彻底的失败、事业的失败和丧失。在这种极端的逻辑中，没有灰度存在。情况是全有或全无，黑或白，全好或全坏，全能或无能。在达到绝对完美的途中，任何缺点或失败，都会转化为绝对的失败。 The narcissistic and exhibitionistic urges seek to overcome feelings of inadequacy by seeking attention and admiration from those around them. But their failure to attain this leads to the feeling that the attention they receive is more negative than positive. They fear that others will see through the facade they present and will recognize the inferiority and defectiveness within. There is defensive contempt for those whose admiration is nonetheless sought. Contempt turns to self-contempt and is experienced often as shame. These patients feel themselves constantly to be evaluated or judged by outside observers who in effect play the role of the reexternalized superego. The narcissistic defense, therefore, is in the form of projection. Consequently, the sense of self-consciousness and shame or embarrassment provides a first step toward a more frankly paranoid orientation. 自恋和出风头的冲动通过寻求周围人的关注和赞赏来克服不足感。但是，他们没有做到这一点，于是导致他们感到，他们得到的关注是负面多于正面的。他们害怕别人会看穿他们的外表，并认识到他们里面的劣等和缺陷。他们会防御性地蔑视那些他们其实渴望得到其赞赏的人。轻蔑变成了自我蔑视[这是怎么个过程？]，然后被体验为耻辱。这些患者感觉自己不断被外部观察者评估或判断，而这些外部观察者实际上扮演着再外化超我的角色[超我来自内化的父母形象，然后投射出去，就是再外化]。因此，自恋防御是以投射的形式出现的。因此，自我意识、羞耻感或困窘感是走向更明确的偏执取向的第一步。