The Tyranny of Narcissism 自恋的暴政 One inescapable impression which quickly arises in reflecting on the patients we have studied, is that the whole course of their pathology and treatment is shot through with narcissistic concerns. All of our patients are victims of an injured narcissism. They are all victims of the tyranny of narcissism. They are all caught up in the inexorable process of struggling to salvage and preserve whatever remnants of narcissism are available to them. In fact, quite simply, the workings of the paranoid process in each of our patients can be seen quite directly as a manifestation of this narcissistic conflict and torment. 在对我们所研究的患者进行反思时，一个不可避免的印象是，他们的整个病理和治疗过程都充满了自恋的担忧。我们所有的病人都是受伤的自恋的受害者。他们都是自恋暴政的受害者。他们都陷入了一个不可避免的过程，努力挽救和保存任何自恋的残余。事实上，很简单，我们每个病人的偏执过程的运作可以直接被看作是这种自恋的冲突和折磨的表现。 The manifestations of this are protean. They include Jimmy's infantile and neurotic wish to remain the special, protected, weak, and defective child. They include Karen's hidden conviction that she was a special and privileged person so that love and consideration and deference should be paid to her regardless of the cost to others. They include Bob's and Fred's grandiose delusions that they were powerful and invincible godlike figures. They include Ann's and Ellen's embattled and hostile confrontation with the world in which they saw themselves as constantly watched, surveyed, so that countless people were taken up with the important project of working some evil effect on them. They include Gloria's intense clinging to a position of infantile dependence, in the continually frustrated demand and expectation that she would gain the love and caring affection that she felt was her due. They include Clare's continual rage at her parents for not having given her what she always expected and continued to expect from them. 这种表现是千变万化的。它们包括吉米的婴儿式和神经质的愿望，即保持特殊的、受保护的、虚弱的、有缺陷的孩子的状态。他们包括卡伦隐藏的信念，即她是一个特殊的和有特权的人，所以爱、关心和尊重应该给予她，而不管别人的代价。其中包括鲍勃和弗雷德的夸大妄想，他们认为自己是强大和不可战胜的神一般的人物。它们包括安娜和卡伦的四面楚歌和充满敌意的对抗的世界，他们认为自己在这个世界中被不断地观察和调查，所以无数人都被这个重要的项目吸引了，这个项目要对他们产生一些邪恶的影响。它们包括格洛丽亚强烈的固着于一个婴儿的位置，在不断受挫的需求和期望中，这需求和期望就是她会得到她认为是她应得的爱和关怀。它们包括克莱尔对她的父母的持续的愤怒，因为他们没有给她她一直期待并继续期待的东西。 It is interesting to compare these last two cases. Both persons were deeply immersed in a malignant and destructive form of pathology. However, it was only when Clare began to surrender and modify some of her narcissistic expectations that her treatment took a turn for the better and she was able to set her foot on the road to a happier and healthier life. Gloria was not able to do this. She remained immersed in her infantile dependence and her outraged and unremitting narcissistic demands. 比较后两种情况是很有趣的。两个人都深深地陷入了一种恶性的、破坏性的病理状态中。然而，直到克莱尔开始放弃并改变她的一些自恋期望时，她的治疗才有了好转，她才能够踏上通往更幸福、更健康生活的道路。格洛丽亚做不到这一点。她仍然沉浸在她的婴儿式依赖和她愤怒、不懈的自恋要求中。 In all of these patients there is an underlying substratum of lethal narcissism which lies at the root of their pathology. Often the narcissistic core is well concealed and well guarded. Therapeutically, it lies for all practical purposes at the core of the disorder. It takes long periods of intense therapeutic effort to work one's way through the layers of defense to the narcissism which lies at the heart of it and for the protection of which all the rest is stoutly maintained and preserved. This narcissistic core is expressed in a basic conviction that life should not have been as it was or is, that the world should treat them with greater consideration and kindness, that their parents and family should be held accountable for what they were deprived of and prevented from having. Along with this basic sentiment there is a sense of outrage, of resentment, of bitter disillusionment and frustration. These patients are all victims of the inexhaustible tyranny of narcissism, with its unending and uncompromising demands and expectations. Theirs is a narcissism that has been traumatized and brutalized, deprived and dishonored. The pathology which we have witnessed and described is an elaborate attempt to redress and redeem this sense of loss and deprivation. 所有这些病人都有致命的自恋的潜在基础，这是他们的病理根源。通常自恋的核心被很好地隐藏和保护起来。从治疗上来说，它是所有障碍的核心所在。需要很长一段时间的紧张的治疗努力来通过层层的防御，才能接近自恋，自恋位于障碍核心，为了保护自恋，其他的一切都得到了坚定的维护和保护。这种自恋的核心表现在一个基本的信念:生活不应该是现在的样子，这个世界应该对他们更多的关心和友善，他们的父母和家庭应该对他们被剥夺和阻止拥有的东西负责。除了这种基本情绪之外，还有一种愤怒、怨恨、痛苦的幻灭感和挫折感。这些病人都是无休止的自恋暴政的受害者，有着无止境的、毫不妥协的要求和期望。他们的自恋受到了创伤和摧残，剥夺和羞辱。我们所目睹和描述的病理是一种为纠正和弥补这种失落感和被剥夺感而精心设计的尝试。