Psychopathic Personalities 精神变态人格 Another important pathological group, in which hostility is a particular problem, are the antisocial personalities. The problem of hostility in this group is particularly significant since these individuals have a strong propensity to act out their hostility in destructive ways. We have already discussed some of the aspects of the aberrant physiology often found in antisocial disorders, but we are focusing here on the psychological aberration and particularly on the conflicts over hostility. The antisocial individual is characterized by an abnormal ruthlessness and disregard for the feelings of other human beings. He tends to be egotistical, selfish, and impulsive. The tendency to impulsive acting-out, together with a disregard for consequences, often leads to antisocial and criminal behavior. Such an individual does not hesitate to use violence to gain his objectives. Often these persons are found to be pathological liars, presumably because of the failure to form any sort of mutual relationship with other people which would incur the obligation for respecting normal human conventions. 另一个 敌意是一个特别的问题的 重要的病理群体是反社会人格。这个群体的敌意问题特别重要，因为这些人有 以破坏性的方式表现他们的敌意的 强烈倾向。我们已经讨论了在反社会障碍中经常发现的异常生理的一些方面，但我们在这里重点讨论的是心理上的异常，特别是敌意的冲突。反社会者的特点是异常的无情，不顾他人的感受。他往往是自体、自私、冲动的。冲动行事的倾向，加上对后果的漠视，往往导致反社会和犯罪行为。这种人不惜使用暴力来达到自己的目的。这些人往往被发现是病态的骗子，这可能是因为他们没有与其他人建立任何类型的相互关系，而这种关系会导致尊重正常人类习俗的义务。 Psychopathic personalities rarely feel any sense of guilt or depression, but rather their hostility tends to be exteriorally directed. The psychopath uses projection as a basic defense and has a strong tendency to blame other individuals or external circumstances for the difficulties he gets himself into. But the sense of fear and vulnerability, which we have found so characteristic of our paranoid patients, is singularly lacking in the psychopath. It is not clear whether such inner fear is entirely lacking or whether it is simply deeply buried, so that we have little evidence of it. The psychopath remains strikingly unafraid of his own destructiveness or of destructiveness that might be directed toward himself. Such persons have a relative disregard of danger and of the possibilities of danger. The circumstances often make them capable of feats of bravery and daring that other individuals would shrink from in terror. These individuals then become the heroes in wartime, whose heroic deeds win them admiration and esteem and medals. Their ruthlessness and destructiveness are placed in the service of defense of their country and gain them a considerable amount of gratification, largely narcissistic. They often act in the face of danger as though they were omnipotently immune from any injury. 精神变态人格很少有任何内疚感或抑郁感，相反，他们的敌意往往是针对外部的。精神变态者把投射作为基本的防御手段，并有强烈的倾向，把自己陷入的困难归咎于其他个体或外部环境。但是我们在我们的偏执患者身上发现的典型的恐惧感和脆弱感，在精神变态者身上却奇异地缺乏。不清楚这种内心的恐惧是完全缺乏，还是只是被深深地埋藏起来，以至于我们几乎没有证据。精神变态者对自己的破坏性或可能针对自己的破坏性仍然保持惊人的无畏。这种人对危险和危险的可能性相对无视。环境往往使他们能够做出其他个体在恐惧中会退缩的勇敢和大胆的壮举。这些人就成了战时的英雄，他们的英雄事迹为他们赢得了钦佩和尊敬，赢得了勋章。他们的无情和破坏性被置于保卫国家的服务中，并获得相当大的满足感，主要是自恋。他们在面对危险时，往往表现得好像自己无所不能，不受任何伤害。 While the antisocial pathology is in many aspects similar to paranoid pathology, there are clear differences which separate them. Psychopathic violence has little revengefulness about it, and is usually quite general in its direction. Psychopaths do not focus on particular individuals or groups as the objects of their hostility in the manner so characteristic of paranoid individuals. Their resentment is more general and diffuse. 虽然反社会病态在很多方面与偏执病态相似，但也有明显的区别，将它们分开。精神变态的暴力几乎没有什么报复性，通常是很笼统的方向。精神变态者并不像偏执个体那样，把重点放在特定的个体或群体身上，作为他们敌对的目标。他們的怨恨是更普遍和分散的。