The Schizoid Adjustment 分裂样调整 The persistence of the bad object can express itself in a variety of forms of adult psychopathology. One of the basic defenses against the sense of inner destructiveness and hostility is the schizoid defense. Schizoid individuals find their greatest conflicts in the area of loving and being loved, such that the deep distrust of themselves and others leads them to feel that any intimate relation with another human being is fraught with considerable dangers. The schizoid defense, therefore, constitutes a withdrawal from human contact which isolates them not only against love, but against hate as well. 坏客体的持续存在可以表现为各种形式的成人心理病态。对内心破坏感和敌意的基本防御之一是分裂样防御。分裂样个体发现他们最大的冲突是在爱与被爱的领域，以至于对自己和他人 深深的不信任 使他们感到与另一个体的任何亲密关系都充满了相当的危险。因此，分裂样防御构成了对人类接触的回避，这使他们不仅隔离了爱，也隔离了恨。 There are many aspects of the schizoid personality that reflect the influence of the paranoid process. Quite typical of schizoid individuals is a strong desire for power and superiority, along with an inner feeling of vulnerability and weakness. We have seen this constellation of factors in a number of our own patients. Schizoid individuals may indeed attain power, but they do not thereby shed the inner vulnerability that they feel so intensely, nor is it possible for them to establish more intimate relations with other people. If they do not achieve power in reality, they often lead a secret inner life of fantasy in which their wishes for power and invincibility are gratified. In the breakdown of the schizoid defenses and acute schizophrenic decompensation, the fantasies burst forth into grandiose delusions of power, privilege, and magical omnipotence. This pattern of response is clearly manifested in several of our patients. In Ann, for example, the inner sense of weakness and vulnerability was compensated for by a variety of highly erotic fantasies. In Bob and Don and Fred, the inner fantasy life, which was so highly narcissistically determined, burst forth in the acute psychotic phases in bizarre delusions of grandeur and omnipotence. 分裂样人格的许多方面都反映了偏执过程的影响。分裂样个体的典型特征是对权力和优越感的强烈渴望，以及内心的脆弱和虚弱感。我们已经在自己的一些病人身上看到了这种因素的组合。分裂样个体可能确实获得了权力，但他们并没有因此摆脱内心强烈的脆弱感，也不可能与他人建立更亲密的关系。如果他们在现实中没有获得权力，他们往往过着秘密的内心幻想生活，在这种生活中，他们对权力和无敌的愿望得到了满足。在分裂样防御崩溃和精神分裂失代偿时，幻想会爆发出权力、特权和神奇的全能的宏大妄想。这种反应模式在我们的几个病人身上有明显的表现。例如，在安娜身上，内心的虚弱感和脆弱感被各种高度色情的幻想所弥补。在鲍勃和唐纳德和弗雷德身上，高度自恋决定的内心幻想生活，在急性精神病阶段爆发出伟大和无所不能的奇异妄想。 For the schizoid mentality, love is equivalently a humiliation. He remains desperately in need of affection and exquisitely vulnerable to its withdrawal. Love is terribly conflicted and dangerous because it can be lost, and the schizoid individual lies in the perpetual fear of potential rejection. The horns of the dilemma are clearly drawn. The alternatives he provides himself are either to deny the needs for love and affection and accept complete isolation, or to accept love and thereby place himself in a position of humiliating dependence, in which he feels himself to be weak and submissive and vulnerable. Consequently schizoids perceive the affection of those from whom they receive love as powerful, but also potentially destructive and hostile. This is precisely the psychology of the victim which we have seen so elaborately displayed in all of our patients. Their own hostile feelings are either internalized so that the pathology is primarily depressive, or externalized so that the pathology takes on a more paranoid flavor. When they are the objects of any aggression from the environment, they retire into icy detachment and isolation, terrified not only of the destructive power of others but also of their own inner hostility. The inner hostility is intense and often terrifying. They are exquisitely sensitive to any narcissistic affront and, in the face of any narcissistic disappointment, their rage is intense and vindictive. Any narcissistic affront, however minor, is interpreted as a profound humiliation and degradation. 对于分裂样心理来说，爱等于一种羞辱。他仍然极度需要感情，又极易受到感情撤离的伤害。爱情是非常矛盾和危险的，因为它可能会失去，而分裂样个体则躺在对潜在的拒绝 永远的害怕中。困境的角已经清晰地画出来了。他为自己提供的选择是：要么否认对爱和感情的需要，接受完全的孤立；要么接受爱，从而使自己处于屈辱的依赖地位，在这种情况下，他感到自己是软弱的、顺从的、脆弱的。因此，分裂样患者感受到给予他们爱的人是强大的，但也是潜在的破坏性和敌对性。这正是受害者心理，我们已在我们所有病人的身上看到这种心理详细地表现出来。他们自身的敌意要么内化，使病态主要是抑郁，要么外化，以至于使病态呈现一种更偏执的味道。当他们成为任何来自环境的攻击的对象时，他们就会退缩到冰冷的疏离和孤立中，不仅害怕别人的破坏力，也害怕自己内心的敌意。内心的敌意是强烈的，往往是可怕的。他们对任何自恋的冒犯都极为敏感，面对任何自恋的失望，他们的暴怒是强烈的，报复性的。任何自恋的冒犯，无论多么轻微，都会被解释为一种深刻的羞辱和降格。