Relation to Narcissism 与自恋的关系 I would like to focus the problem of parental destructiveness specifically in terms of the paranoid process. The phenomenon of parental destructiveness can be seen in broader terms as a reflection of a very general and human tendency to strive to preserve intact the rudiments and structures, which preserve and sustain narcissistic investments, and to see as hostile and opposed any sources or agencies which tend to undermine or stand in opposition to such narcissistic bases. To the extent that the child does not support, sustain, and nourish parental narcissism, he becomes an enemy against whom the defensive and protective aggressive energies must be directed. The preservation of the parent's own sense of self either accepts the child as an extension of and a sustaining support for that basic narcissism, or must confront the child as standing in opposition to and thereby threatening that narcissism. 我想把重点放在父母破坏性的问题，特别是就偏执过程而言。父母破坏性现象可以更广泛地看做是一种非常普遍的人类趋势的反映，这种趋势是努力保持完整的基础和结构，以保持和维持自恋的投资，并将倾向于破坏或反对这种自恋基础的任何来源或机构视为敌对的和反对的。如果孩子不支持、维持和滋养父母的自恋，他就会变成一个敌人，必须将防御和保护性的攻击能量导向他们。父母自我意识的保持，要么接受孩子作为这种基本自恋的延伸和持续支持，要么必须让孩子与这种自恋对立并因此威胁到这种自恋。 More basically, the either-or of such a dynamic is rarely witnessed. Rather what is the more common stuff of parent-child relationships is that the child is seen in some part as a support and extension of parental narcissism, and simultaneously in some part as deviant and threatening to it. Both sides of this dynamic play themselves out in the common run of parent-child interactions. This tension which underlies the basic ambivalence of the parent-child interactions is embedded in the relationship from the very first, but becomes more explicit and more differentiated as the child enters on the progressive stages of separation and individuation. 更基本的是，这种非此即彼的动力学很少被看到。相反，在亲子关系中更常见的是孩子在某种程度上被看作是父母自恋的支持和延伸，同时又在某种程度上被看作是离常者和威胁者。这种动力学的双方在亲子互动的共同运行中发挥自己的作用。这种紧张关系是父母与孩子互动的基本矛盾心理的基础，它从一开始就根植于这种关系之中，但随着孩子进入分离和个体化的渐进阶段，这种关系就变得更加显见和分化。 The initiation of self-directed activity on the part of the child—whether in relative independence of parental support or in direct opposition to parental wishes—creates a crisis in the evolution of parental narcissism. The child's independence and the inability of the parent to control or direct the child's self-generated activity places parental narcissism in jeopardy. The child then becomes equivalently an enemy. 孩子的自我指导活动的开始——无论是相对独立于父母的支持，还是直接反对父母的愿望——在父母自恋的演化过程中制造了一场危机。孩子的独立和父母无法控制或指导孩子的自我活动，使父母的自恋处于危险之中。孩子就变成了敌人。 It must be recalled that this basic process, by which narcissistic dynamics operate to define the limits of what is to be aggregated to the self and what is to be assigned to the other, is the basic process which underlies the establishment of human groups. The process of assimilation and inclusion and affiliation to the self serves to define and establish the ingroup, while the process of exclusion and separation operates to establish the limits of outgroups. The process is a basic aspect of the paranoid process, and we can note here that the same process operates in the establishment of a wide variety of social groupings and the formation of social structures. 必须记住，这个基本过程是人类群体建立的基础，通过这个基本过程，自恋动力学运作起来，定义了什么是自我的集合，什么是分配给他人的。对自我的同化、包容和归属的过程是为了定义和建立内群体，而排斥和分离的过程是为了建立外群体的界限。这个过程是偏执过程的一个基本方面，在这里我们可以看到，在各种各样的社会群体的建立和社会结构的形成中，同样的过程也在运行。 The basic question in this framework of parent-child interactions is whether the internal resources of the parent can withstand the narcissistic onslaught which is provoked by the increasing separation and independence of the child. Consonant with our basic thesis in this study that the paranoid process is in fact a general manifestation of basic human motives and the mechanisms, the developmental vicissitudes reflect the basic operation of the paranoid process both in the progeny and in the parents. These processes call up and rely on basic mechanisms of introjection and projection which underlie the definition of narcissistic limits and work defensively to redeem narcissistic loss. 在这种亲子互动的框架中，最基本的问题是，父母的内部资源是否能够承受由于孩子日益分离和独立而引起的自恋攻击。与本研究的基本观点相一致，偏执过程实际上是人类基本动机和机制的普遍表现，其发展变迁反映了偏执过程在后代和父母中的基本运行。这些过程唤起并依赖于内摄和投射的基本机制，这些机制是自恋界限得以定义的基础，并防御性地工作以弥补自恋的损失。 It is important as well to keep in perspective that the paranoid process works on all sides of the parent-child triad. We will have to consider maternal destructiveness as a primary phenomenon, since it is within the mother-child matrix that some of the most basic and fundamental aspects of development are elaborated. We must not lose sight of the fact, however, that parental destructiveness plays an important role, not only indirectly through its effects on the mother-child interaction, but also in terms of the father's own interaction with the child. The data of this study would suggest that this is particularly pertinent in the development of forms of paranoid pathology in male children. 同样重要的是，要正确地认识到偏执过程在父母-孩子三元组的各方都起作用。我们必须把母亲的破坏性视为一种主要现象，因为发展的一些最基本和最基础的方面是在母-子环境内加以精化的。然而，我们不能忽视这样一个事实，即父母的破坏性发挥着重要的作用，不仅是间接地通过它对母子互动的影响，而且也通过父亲自身与孩子的互动。这项研究的数据表明，这与男性儿童偏执病理的发展尤其相关。