Autism 自闭 Mahler's views are well-known and can be schematically presented here. As she views the process, the infant is born into a consideration of normal autism in which mother and child are caught up in an indifferentiated unity of function, in which need satisfaction is a function of this omnipotent autistic orbit, rather than of discriminable agents. The infant's experience is centered on the continuing need to achieve homeostasis as a means of modifying physiological tension-states, and thus reducing disruptive stimulation which may exceed the infant's capacity to absorb it. The mother's need-reducing functions are not differentiated from the infant's own physiological tension-reducing activities. This stage of normal autism is marked by absolute primary narcissism which is still oblivious to any differentiation or discrimination between the mothering agent and the infant's own homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. 马勒的观点是众所周知的，可以在这里概略地介绍一下。在她看来，婴儿出生时就考虑到了正常的自闭，母亲和孩子被困在功能的未分化的统一体中，需求满足是这个万能的自闭轨道的一个功能，而不是可分辨的个体的功能。婴儿的经验集中于持续需要以达到体内平衡，以作为一种调整生理紧张状态的手段，从而减少可能超出婴儿吸收能力的破坏性刺激。母亲的需求减少功能与婴儿自己的生理紧张减少活动没有区别。正常自闭的这一阶段以绝对的原初自恋为特征，这种自恋仍然对母性因素和婴儿自身的稳态调节机制之间的任何分化或区分视而不见。