Dependence 依赖 I would like to begin this discussion of development and the paranoid process from the starting point of dependence, following the general insights provided by Winnicott (1965). In this perspective, the infant begins his developmental course in a state of absolute dependence which is correlated with the caretaking aspects of the maternal environment. Winnicott refers to this originating environment as "holding." As the infant emerges from the context of absolute dependence on this holding environment, his developmental course can be traced in terms of a progression of gradually increasing independence and diminishing dependence. The child gradually becomes aware of the mother as a need-satisfying object and increasingly acquires the means for divesting himself of his intense need for the object and his unremitting reliance on it for the assuagement of basic tensions and need-states. 我想按照温尼科特(1965)提供的一般观点，从依赖的起点开始讨论发展和偏执过程。从这个角度来看，婴儿在一个绝对依赖的状态中开始他的发展过程，这与母性环境的照顾方面有关。温尼科特将这种原始环境称为“抱持”。当婴儿从绝对依赖的环境中出现时，他的发展过程可以追溯回独立性逐渐增加，依赖性逐渐减少的过程。孩子逐渐意识到母亲是一个能满足需求的客体，并逐渐获得了一些方法，这些方法可以让孩子摆脱对该客体的强烈需求和不懈依赖，这些依赖可以缓和基本紧张和需求状态。