Internalizations 内化 At this point in the consideration of these overlapping developmental contexts, we would like to add an additional developmental consideration of some significance. The burden of our investigation is not only that the child's course of development is determined by the vicissitudes of separation and individuation, not only that the patterns of development are powerfully influenced by the sequences of interaction and mutual regulation which emerge within the matrix of the mother-child interaction, but that there is also an internal process, which has to do with the organization of self-representations and object-representations, which reflects, is partially derived from, and powerfully influences the patterns of relationships with objects and the direction of the developmental sequence. It is at this point, then, that our discussion of the paranoid process can be focused on in its reciprocal influence on the process of development. 在这一点上，在考虑这些相互重叠的发展背景时，我们想补充一项具有某种意义的发展考虑。我们调查的负担不仅在于孩子的成长历程是由分离和个体化的变迁决定的，而且不仅发展方式受到母子互动环境中互动和相互调节的序列的强烈影响，而且还有一个内部过程与自体表征和客体表征的组织有关，它反映(部分源自)和强烈影响了与客体的关系模式以及发展序列的方向。正是在这一点上，我们对偏执过程的讨论可以集中在对发展过程的互惠影响上。 As Angel (1967, 1972) has made clear, the symbiotic phase, as well as the subsequent process of separation-and-individuation, is less a matter of relationship and interaction than a matter of internal differentiation and organization. This has reference particularly to the differentiation and organization of both self-and object-representations. In this sense separation and individuation are mutually linked processes. 正如Angel(1967, 1972)所阐明的，共生阶段以及随后的分离和个体化过程，与其说是关系和互动的问题，不如说是内部分化和组织的问题。这特别涉及到自体和客体表征的分化和组织。从这个意义上说，分离和个体化是相互联系的过程。 The successful separation from the symbiotic orbit is not only accomplished by significant cathectic shifts to the periphery as we have noted, but also is accompanied and sustained by significant internalizations. The basic mechanism which contributes to these important developmental progressions is that of introjection. Where the titer of separation anxiety runs high, the quality of introjection is shifted toward a more global, total, and undifferentiated state. Consequently the introjection is placed at the service of relatively intense defensive needs and constitutes a prolonging and extension of the symbiotic orbit. 正如我们所注意到的，从共生轨道成功分离不仅是通过精神投入向外围的重要转移来完成的，而且还伴随着重要的内化，并由其来维持。这些重要的发展过程的基本机制是内摄。当分离焦虑的滴度高时，内摄的质量就会转向一种更全面、全面和无差别的状态。因此，内摄被用于服务于相对强烈的防御需求，并构成了共生轨道的延长和延伸。 As Mahler has pointed out (1968) where the symbiotic involvement allows no choice or possibility for the experimentation which prepares the infant for the gradual process of separation, the more normal process of partial and more differentiated introjection of the mother is impeded. [这句话里两个more我没看懂] In such cases the separation panic, which is equivalent to a fear of annihilation, becomes so great that the child is driven back toward the symbiotic involvement. Thus the more primitive introjection serves as a counterbalancing defense to the severe separation panic which threatens the child's fragile and inchoate ego. In its more severe forms this process results in symbiotic psychosis. This global and undifferentiated introjection of the mother destroys her function as mediating the reality to the child. The differentiation between object- and self-representation is obscured with the result that object choice and object finding are significantly impaired. 正如Mahler所指出的(1968年),如果共生关系中不允许或没有提供一种可能，让孩子可以进行一种实验，这种实验是为渐进的分离过程做准备的,那么对母亲的部分和分化性内摄的正常过程将受到阻碍。在这种情况下,分离的恐慌,相当于对毁灭的恐惧,变得非常大,以至于孩子撤回到共生关系中。因此,更原始的内摄是对严重的分离恐慌的平衡防御,威胁着孩子脆弱和早期的自我。在其更严重的形式中,这一过程导致了共生性精神病。对母亲的这一全面的和未分化的内摄,破坏了她将现实传递给孩子的功能。客体表征和自体表征之间的分化被这样一种结果(客体选择[即选择一个人作为爱的客体]和客体发现显著受损)所模糊。