Development and the Paranoid Process 发展和偏执过程 In discussing the developmental aspects of the paranoid process, we have a dual perspective that must be taken into consideration. We are concerned first of all with understanding the developmental influences which come to bear on and modify the emergence and functioning of the paranoid process. From another perspective, conversely, the paranoid process itself has a reciprocal influence on the process of development. Thus our discussion must embrace not only the experiences and developmental vicissitudes that influence and shape the emerging aspects of the paranoid process we have been considering, but it must also articulate the manner in which the economy of introjection and projection along with the accompanying phenomena of cognitive integration(paranoid construction) enjoy their influence on the emerging personality. As we have suggested in a number of places, the mechanisms of introjection and projection play a vital role at many levels of the developmental sequence, particularly in giving shape to and defining the boundaries between the realm of inner experience and external reality, and in qualitatively shaping the organization of the child's experience. 在讨论偏执过程的发展方面时，我们必须考虑到双重视角。我们首先关注的是对发展影响的理解，这些影响承担并改变了偏执过程的出现和运作。相反，从另一个角度看，偏执过程本身对发展过程也有相互影响。因此我们的讨论必须不仅包含体验和发展变迁(它影响和塑造我们正在考虑的偏执过程的正在形成的方面)，而且还必须表达这样一种方式，在其中内摄和投射，与伴随现象和认知整合(偏执建设)一起，对形成中的人格造成影响。正如我们在很多地方建议的，投射和内摄的机制，在发展序列的多个水平(尤其是在塑造和定义内部体验王国与外部现实的边界，定性地塑造孩子体验的组织上)，发挥着至关重要的作用。 An attempt to bring into focus this latter aspect of the role of the paranoid process in development brings into much clearer articulation the whole issue of the discrimination between more normal developmental patterns and those which are determinably pathological. We are dealing with the situation in which our understanding of the developmental process must allow for the elaboration of basic mechanisms, both in the service of defense and in the service of self-definition and internal structuralization. If the fundamental insight to be formulated from this perspective is that paranoid mechanisms and the paranoid process play a vital and integral role in the formation and development of even normal personality, we must obtain a finer degree of discrimination in our understanding of what determinants come into play when the paranoid process can be seen to follow deviant developmental lines, as opposed to those influences which determine the outcome to be along more normal developmental lines. 试图把偏执过程在发展中所起作用的后一方面作为重点，使人们更加清楚地认识到，在比较正常的发展模式和那些肯定是病态的发展模式之间存在着差别。我们所处的情况是，我们对发展进程的理解必须使我们能够详细阐述基本的机制，既为防御服务，也为自我定义和内部结构化服务。如果将要制定的基本见解从这个角度看,偏执机制和偏执过程在即使正常人格的形成和犯法中，发挥着至关重要的和不可或缺的作用，我们必须在我们的理解中，在以下两者之间，获得一个更细程度的区分：当偏执过程可以被视为遵循偏离的发展路线时，发挥作用的决定因素，以及那些决定结果将走上更正常发展路线的影响。