Maturation and Environment 成熟和环境 We must also remind ourselves that the developmental process is an extremely complex phenomenon which reflects the influence of many determinants—some of which remain obscure and relatively unanalyzed. We need also to remind ourselves that the developmental process involves not merely intrinsic maturational factors, but that it also involves a complex process of environmental stimulation and interaction. The critical locus for such stimulation and interaction is the developmental matrix provided by the parent-child relationship, and in the earliest phases of development most significantly the mother-child relationship. 我们还必须提醒自己，发展过程是一种极其复杂的现象，它反映了许多决定因素的影响，其中一些因素仍不清楚，也没有得到相对的分析。我们还需要提醒自己，发展过程不仅涉及固有的成熟因素，而且还涉及环境刺激和互动的复杂过程。这种刺激和互动的关键位点是亲子关系提供的发展环境，在发展的最初阶段最重要的是母子关系。 From the side of the infant, there seems little doubt that the child brings to the developmental process a certain set of innate givens and constitutional factors, and that these behavioral and physical characteristics play a significant role in influencing the emergence of the mother-child interaction. Such constitutional or congenital factors have been designated as inherited physical characteristics, anomalies deriving either from genetic or birth trauma influences or the vicissitudes of pregnancy, patterns of neonatal motility, emotional responsivity, or even sensitivity to stimuli. 从婴儿的角度来看，似乎毫无疑问，孩子给发展过程带来一系列先天的天赋和体质因素，而这些行为的和身体的特征在影响母子互动的出现方面起着重要的作用。这些体质或先天的因素被名为为继承的身体特征，由基因，或出生的创伤影响，或怀孕的变迁引起的异常，新生儿运动的模式，情绪反应，甚至对刺激的敏感性。