Need to Be Special 需要特殊 The effect of such a developmental experience upon the child is seen in a variety of forms of narcissistic fixation and entitlement. One striking example of the impact of such processes on the developing child has been described in terms of the "need to be special"(Lomas, 1962). Such "special cases" are not infrequent in the experience of any practicing psychiatrist or any hospital setting. Such patients usually bring it about that those who are responsible for them come to regard them as unique cases for which the ordinary practices, whether in the office or in the hospital, are inappropriate. Consequently, these patients receive special privileges and attention, but somehow these efforts inevitably prove valueless. 这种发展经验对孩子的影响表现在各种形式的自恋固着和授权上。这种过程对发展中儿童的影响的一个突出的例子是用“需要特殊”来描述的(洛马斯，1962年)。这种“特殊情况”在任何执业精神科医生或任何医院都不是罕见的。这样的病人通常会使那些对他们负责的人认为他们是特殊的病例，即普通做法(无论是办公室还是医院)是不合适的。因此，这些病人得到了特殊待遇和关注，但不知何故，这些努力不可避免地被证明是毫无价值的。 These patients acquire a special status which elicits extraordinary efforts on the parts of physicians and staff to affect their treatment, but their effort are inevitably frustrated and they become exhausted in the process of trying to meet these patients' needs. Inevitably all efforts to alleviate their suffering are frustrated and the caretaking persons become failures. Lomas suggests that the original trauma in the developmental experience of such patients is a failure on the part of the mother to recognize and respond appropriately to the patient's individuality. The patient is thus left with an unsatisfied craving for recognition and a resulting clinging to the special and exclusive relationship with the mother, in which the child feels valuable only in terms of their relationship. 这些病人获得了一种特殊的地位，这引起了医生和工作人员的非凡努力，以影响他们的治疗，但在试图满足这些病人的需要的过程中，他们的努力不可避免地受挫，他们变得疲惫。所有减轻他们痛苦的努力都不可避免地失败了，照顾他们的人成了失败者。洛马斯认为，这类患者在发展经验中最初的创伤是由于母亲未能认识到患者的个性并对其作出适当回应。因此，患者对被认可的渴望得不到满足，并因此执着于与母亲的特殊而排他的关系，在这种关系中，孩子只会从他们的关系中感到自己的价值。 The complement to this close and quasi-symbiotic relationship with the mother is a rather paranoid view of the rest of the world. The fear arises that other agents will come between the child and the mother and will disrupt the relationship with her. The families of such patients tend to become close-binding and tend to protectively narrow the focus of relationships. The implicit mythology that permeates the family relationships is that one can find acceptance and protection within the family, and that any relationships outside it are to be held suspect and a source of trouble and persecuting attacks. Thus while the need to be special manifests itself most strikingly in narcissistic terms, it can be readily seen that it becomes the vehicle for substantially paranoid concerns. Perhaps more clearly than in other cases, we have seen this same set of dynamics operating in the case of Karen. 对与母亲这种亲密的、类似共生关系的补充，是对世界其他地方的一种相当偏执的看法。害怕其他代理人会介入孩子和母亲之间，破坏与她的关系。这类患者的家庭往往会变得关系紧密，并倾向于保护性地缩小关系的范围。弥漫在家庭关系中的隐含的神话是，一个人可以在家庭内部找到接纳和保护，而家庭外部的任何关系都是可疑的，是麻烦和迫害攻击的来源。因此，尽管对特殊的需求以自恋的方式表现得最为明显，但我们很容易发现，它成为了本质上偏执的担忧的载体。也许比其他案例更清楚，我们在卡伦的案例中看到了同样的动力学。