Relation to Narcissism 与自恋的关系 The first important point to make is that the development of the self is intrinsically related to and inherently dependent on the vicissitudes of narcissism. The relationship between the psychoanalytic notion of "self" and narcissism was first stated decisively by Hartmann. Freud's own usage had been somewhat ambiguous, but the general tenor of psychoanalytic thinking had been to establish a loose equivalence between narcissism and the libidinal cathexes to the ego. Hartmann's statement, however, made the essential clarification: 首先要指出的是，自体的发展与自恋的变迁有着内在的联系，也有着固有的依赖。精神分析的“自体”概念和自恋之间的关系首先由哈特曼明确地阐述。弗洛伊德自己的用法有些模棱两可，但精神分析思维的一般要旨是在自恋和对自我的力比多精神投入之间建立一种松散的对等关系。不过，哈特曼的发言作了必要的澄清: But actually, in using the term narcissism, two different sets of opposites often seem to be fused into one. The one refers to the self (one's own person) in contradistinction to the object, the second to the ego (as a psychic system) in contradistinction to other substructures of personality. However, the opposite of object cathexis is not ego cathexis, but cathexis of one's own person, that is, self-cathexis: in speaking of self-cathexis we do not imply whether this cathexis is situated in the id, ego or superego. This formulation takes into account that we actually do find "narcissism" in all three psychic systems: but in all of these cases there is opposition to (and reciprocity with) object cathexis. It therefore will be clarifying if we define narcissism as the libidinal cathexis not of the ego but of the self (1964, p. 127). 但实际上，在使用“自恋”这个词时，两种截然不同的概念似乎常常融合在一起。第一个是指自体(自己这个人)与客体的对比，第二个是指自我(作为一个精神系统)与人格的其他子结构的对比。然而，客体精神投入的反义词不是自我精神投入，而是对自己这个人的精神投入，即自体精神投入:在谈到自体精神投入时，我们并不暗示这种精神投入是处于本我、自我还是超我之中。这个提法考虑到，我们实际上在所有三种精神系统中都发现了“自恋”:但在所有这些情况下，都有客体精神投入的对立面和互惠面。因此，如果我们把自恋定义为对自体而不是对自我的精神投入，那么它将会被澄清(1964，第127页)。 The establishing of a link between narcissism and the notion of the self cleared the ground for a consideration of the relationship between the development of the self and the vicissitudes of narcissism, which has not yet been adequately examined by psychoanalytic theorists. Hartmann's formulation not only establishes this connection, but also postulates that the vicissitudes of narcissism are related to all of the parts of the tripartite intrapsychic structure. By inference, then, the notion of the self has a parallel if derivative relationship to these same substructural entities. 自恋和自体概念之间的联系的建立为自体的发展和自恋的变迁之间的关系的思考奠定了基础，而这一点尚未得到精神分析理论家的充分检验。哈特曼的提法不仅建立了这种联系，而且还假定自恋的变迁与三元内在心理结构[大概是指本我、自我、超我]的所有部分都有关。因此，通过推论，自体的概念与这些同样的子结构实体有一种平行的(如果衍生的)关系。