THE VICISSITUDES OF NARCISSISM 自恋的变迁 We have already considered some of the substantial aspects of the problem of narcissism in relationship to the defensive functions of the paranoid process. We would like to turn our attention at this point to a consideration of the vicissitudes of narcissistic development, particularly in view of the fact that the dynamics of the paranoid process as they function in the course of development have a particular bearing on the narcissistic aspects of developmental experience. As we have seen in countless instances in this study, the paranoid process functions in the service of narcissistic needs and defenses. We can turn at this point to a specification of the operation of the paranoid process and its relation to narcissistic needs in the developmental process. 我们已经考虑了自恋与偏执过程的防御功能之间关系的一些实质性方面。此刻，我们想把我们的注意力转向对自恋发展的变迁的考虑上来，尤其是在下述事实的视角下。这个事实就是偏执过程(当它们在发展过程中起作用时)的动力学，对发展经验的自恋方面有特殊的意义。正如我们在这项研究中看到的无数例子，偏执过程服务于自恋的需求和防御。在这一点上，我们可以转向偏执过程的运作规格说明，以及它与发展过程中的自恋需求的关系。 The narcissistic aspects of early developmental vicissitudes have been spelled out with considerable insight and clarity by Brodey (1964). The narcissistic relationship depends upon an externalized image of the narcissistic self. Such externalization is essentially a defense derived from the early narcissistic, pre-object period of development. It makes it possible to sustain relationships with unseparated but distanced aspects of the self. The projection which underlies the narcissistic relationship requires validation. The validation is accomplished by an intense searching only for that which is expected, so that with each validation the unquestionable and unquestioned conclusion is reinforced. 早期发展变迁的自恋方面在Brodey(1964)中有相当见解深刻和清晰的阐述。自恋关系依赖于自恋自体的外化形象。这种外化本质上是来自早期自恋、前客体发展时期的一种防御。它使我们有可能维持与未分离但疏远的自体各方面的关系。自恋关系背后的投射需要验证。验证是通过只对预期的东西进行紧张的搜索来完成的，因此，每进行一次验证，毫无疑问的结论就会得到加强。 Moreover, the reality as perceived has been experienced as though it were the total reality. The narcissistic person must learn to manipulate reality to conform with the expectations implicit in his own projection. Consequently, the externalization consists in a projection which is matched by a manipulation of reality which serves to verify the projection. Any reality that cannot be placed in the service of the projection and thereby verify it is denied. 此外，所感知的现实被体验，就好像它是整个现实一样。自恋的人必须学会操纵现实，以符合自己投射中暗含的预期。因此，外化包括投射，它与对现实的操作相匹配，以验证投射。任何不能为投射服务，从而验证投射的现实都被否认掉。 Within a family matrix, and particularly within the central triad which we have described as basic to these unconscious affective configurations, the only information transmitted within the system is that which is useful in validating the projective system. Reality testing and consensual validation within the family is thus placed in the service of this process. This pattern of interlocking of externalizations and projections provides the developmental matrix within the family within which the budding narcissism of the child begins to work through the initial stages of the process of differentiating self from other and formulating the rudiments of his own inner sense of self. 在一个家庭环境中，特别是在我们所描述的这些无意识情感配置的核心三位一体[todo：这个三位一体可能翻译的有问题，可能需要在翻译完23章后重新确认]中，在系统中传递的唯一信息是在确认投射系统时有用的信息。因此，家庭内部的现实检验和一致同意的确认是为这一进程服务的。这种外化和投射互锁的模式提供了家庭中的发展环境，在家庭中，孩子的崭露头角的自恋开始经过这样一个过程的初始阶段，这个过程将自体从他人分化出来，并形成自己内部自我意识的萌芽。 The differentiation from the objectless symbiotic matrix takes place in gradual steps. The first one is a step of tension in which cathectic forces can be differentiated only in terms of affective states of being, either pleasant or unpleasant. This is the initial stage of mutual negotiation between mother and child which Sander (1964, 1969) has described in terms of initial regulation. The rhythms of physiological experience are regularized through the collaboration and correlation between infant needs and maternal caretaking and tension-relieving activities. At the same time, the rudiments of differentiation and the beginnings of a sense of separation in terms of bodily areas are established. The distancing of fingers from mouth, for example, begins to provide a sense of distance in the infant's experience. 从无目的[todo：无目的？还是无客体？]共生环境的分化是渐进的。第一个是紧张的步骤，在这个步骤中，精神投入的力量只能根据存在的情感状态来区分，要么愉快的，要么不愉快的。这是母亲和孩子之间相互协商的初始阶段，Sander(1964, 1969)用初始规则来描述这个阶段。生理体验的节律是通过婴儿需求与母亲照料和缓解紧张活动之间的协作和关联来调节的。与此同时，身体部位的初步分化和分离感的开始被建立。例如，手指与嘴的距离开始在婴儿的体验中提供一种距离感。 The second phase of differentiated aim finds the basic cathexes differentiated now in terms of aim, but not yet in terms of object. Thus, for example, the focus is on the experience of feeding, but not on the feeding object. Here distancing begins to occur without separation as a first manifestation of externalization. Thus the mother's nipple is gradually experienced as distanced from the mouth but not yet separated. Nor does the infant at this stage attach the specific gratification of being fed with an object. Satisfaction is a function of the present nipple and dissatisfaction of the absent nipple. There is no awareness of the mother's existence or activities outside the range of this immediate aim. 在目标分化的第二阶段，基本的精神投入在目标上分化，但在客体上尚未分化。因此，例如，重点是喂食的体验，而不是喂食的客体。在这里，作为外化的第一个表现，拉开距离开始在没有分离的情况下发生。因此，母亲的乳头逐渐被体验为远离了嘴巴，但尚未分离。婴儿在这一阶段也不依恋被客体喂养所带来的具体满足感。满意是存在的乳头的功能，不满是不存在的乳头的功能。没有意识到母亲的存在或超出这一直接目标范围的活动。 It is only in the next stage that the differentiation of objects takes place and that the distancing begins to give way to separation between self and other. These first steps of separation, by which the differentiation between self and object is first experienced, takes place by the distancing of an "as-if" separate self. Thus distancing precedes true separation. The image of the nipple must become discontinuous, before it is possible that the infant should have the experience of being fed by a separate object. It is only in the context of such separation and as a function of it that the infant can experience the feeding now not as a function of his own narcissistic orbit but as a function of a separating and differentiated object. In this fashion the infant begins to separate himself out of the narcissistically omnipotent orbit of the symbiotic attachment. 只有在下一个阶段，客体分化才会发生，这种拉开距离才会开始让位于自体与他人的分离。这些分离的最初步骤，也就是自体与客体的区分第一次被体验到，是通过与一个“貌似”分离的自体拉开距离来实现的。因此，拉开距离先于真正的分离。在婴儿有被分离的客体喂养的经验成为可能之前，乳头的图像必须是不连续的。只有在这种分离的情况下，作为这种分离的一种功能，婴儿才能体验喂养现在不是作为他自己自恋轨道的功能，而是作为一个分离和分化的客体的功能。以这种方式，婴儿开始把自己从共生依恋的自恋全能轨道中分离出来。