Chapter 25 THE PARANOID PROCESS IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT 第25章 早期发展中的偏执过程 The basic element in the process of individuation is the increasing capacity of the child to define himself as an individual and to effectively separate himself out from the individuality of the significant figures in his environment on whom he is particularly dependent and attached. We have seen in sufficient detail the manner in which the elements of the paranoid process interact with this progressive elaboration of both individuation and separation in the earliest phases of differentiation out of the primal symbiotic matrix. An important contribution to the successful individuation of the child and in the progressive elaboration and stabilization of a sense of self and identity is the emerging and enlarging capacity to tolerate the separateness of significant objects. Our attempt in the present section is to specify the contribution of the paranoid process to specific levels of developmental experience and particularly to the specific phase-appropriate tasks that are accomplished at each of those levels. 个体化过程中最基本的因素是孩子越来越有能力把自己定义为一个个体，并有效地把自己从他所特别依赖和依附的环境中重要人物的个性中分离出来。我们已经充分详细地看到了在与最初的共生母体的分化的最初阶段，偏执过程的要素是如何与个体化和分离的逐步发展相互作用的。对儿童的成功个体化和对自我和身份感的逐步形成和稳定的一个重要贡献是对重要客体的分离的容忍能力的出现和扩大。我们在本节的努力是要具体说明偏执过程对具体层次的发展经验的贡献，特别是对在每一层次上完成的特定的阶段适当的任务的贡献。