Introjection-Projection 内摄-投射 If we can center our attention on the processes of introjection and projection, we have already seen the role they play in the Oedipal involvements. The same processes play themselves out in the developmental vicissitudes of the latency period. The process is reinforced and in part motivated by the effects of maturational changes in developing ego-functions. Thus in the normal course of Oedipal resolution, the modifications of Oedipal ambivalence taking place through interlocking projections and introjections lead in the direction of modulating instinctual attachments and gradually building up a sense of individuated and increasingly competent self. This latter aspect is a vital element in latency development, since the maturation and integration of executive, motoric and interpretive capacities places an internal demand for higher-order organization and synthetic integration. This is normally provided by higher-order and more autonomous introjections and identifications. 如果我们能把注意力集中在内摄和投射的过程上，我们就已经看到了它们在俄狄浦斯关系中所起的作用。同样的过程在潜伏期的发展变化中发生。在发展中的自我功能的成熟变化的影响下，这一过程得到了加强，并在一定程度上受到了激励。因此，在正常的俄狄浦斯解决过程中，通过互锁的投射和内摄，俄狄浦斯矛盾心理得到修正，从而导致了对本能依恋的调节，并逐渐建立起一种个体化、越来越有能力的自我意识。后一个方面是潜伏期发展中的一个重要因素，因为执行、动作和解释能力的成熟和整合，对高阶组织和综合整合提出了内部需求。这通常是由更高阶、更自主的内摄和认同提供的。 To be more specific, the workings of the paranoid process in the Oedipal boy normally draw him in the direction of decreasing ambivalence toward both parents. Castration anxieties are thus diminished and fall within the range of manageable anxiety and within the scope of the developing ego's capacity to constructively integrate its experience. Such modified levels of anxiety serve as stimuli to the development of ego resources. This is equivalent to the emergence of signal anxiety at the Oedipal level of development as a specific developmental achievement(Zetzel,1970; Zetzel and Meissner,1973). As a consequence the fragile ego does not need to cling to defensive postures to preserve its emerging integrity. As a result, the father emerges as a less threatening figure, with whom the child can establish a more meaningful and satisfying relationship. The father thus becomes an object for more autonomous identification and less an object for defensive introjection. The critical introjections that embody the Oedipal resolution are less conflictual and follow more in the direction of internalization of the father's real strengths and capacities to master than in the direction of an identification with the aggressor-father. As a byproduct of these less ambivalent internalizations, the child begins to see himself increasingly in terms of the availability of masculine strengths and capacities, and thus as potentially growing up in the image of his father. This opens the way to increasingly solid and positive masculine identification and the attendant potentiality of establishing meaningful relations with a woman like his mother. 更具体地说，俄狄浦斯男孩偏执过程的运作方式通常会引导他减少对父母双方的矛盾心理。因此，阉割焦虑减少了，并落在可控制的焦虑范围内，落在发展中的自我的能力范围内，建设性地整合其经验。这种被修正的焦虑水平会刺激自我资源的发展。这相当于在俄狄浦斯发展阶段出现了作为特定发展成就的信号焦虑(Zetzel,1970;Zetzel和迈斯纳,1973)。因此，脆弱的自我不需要固守防御姿态来维护它正在显现的完整性。结果，父亲变成了一个不那么具有威胁性的人物，孩子可以和他建立一种更有意义、更令人满意的关系。因此，父亲成为更多自主认同的客体，而较少成为防御性内摄的客体。体现了俄狄浦斯解决的关键内摄很少是冲突性的，更多地是在将父亲真正的力量和需要掌握的能力内化的方向上，而不是认同作为攻击者的父亲的方向上。作为这些不那么矛盾的内化的副产品，孩子开始越来越多地从男性力量和能力的可用性方面来看待自己，从而有可能以父亲的形象成长。这开辟了一条通向越来越坚实和积极的男性认同的道路，以及伴随的与像他母亲这样的女人建立有意义的关系的潜力。 The resolution of ambivalence toward the mother opens the way to a more stable and less instinctually driven relationship with her as well. The child's modified hostility lessens the need for defensively motivated erotic attachment and the clinging to infantile dependence. The relative sexual unavailability of the mother becomes less threatening and less narcissistically traumatic in view of the supports to masculine identity derived from the relationship and identification with the father. It is precisely the emergence and consolidation of the child's masculine identity—such a vital and central aspect of the latency identity formation—that provide the basis on which the Oedipal attachments to the mother can effectively be renounced. The child becomes more capable of real sexual potency and likeness to the father, and is thereby released from the nongratifying, fantasied, and threateningly incestuous ties to the mother. 对母亲矛盾心理的解决为与她建立更稳定、更少受本能驱动的关系开辟了道路。孩子缓和的敌意减少了出于防御动机的情欲依恋和对婴儿式依赖的执着。由于从父亲的关系和认同中获得的对男性身份的支持，母亲在性方面的相对不可得性变得不那么具有威胁性，也不那么自恋性创伤。正是孩子的男性身份的出现和巩固——这是潜伏期身份形成的一个至关重要的核心方面——为有效地放弃俄狄浦斯依恋奠定了基础。在真正的性能力和与父亲的相似之处上，孩子变得更有能力，从而从与母亲的不令人满意的、幻想的和具有威胁性的乱伦关系中解脱出来。 Under these circumstances, he is freed to establish a more productive and less threatening relationship with the mother as well. In this manner, the Oedipal resolution for the little boy does not become a narcissistic defeat with the resulting loss of self-esteem that may result from more pathogenic attachments. The child is thus free to renounce his intense Oedipal attachments to both parents. Likewise, his renunciation sets the stage for less conflictual and more autonomous identifications with both parents. 在这种情况下，他就可以自由地与母亲建立一种更有效、更少威胁的关系。通过这种方式，小男孩的俄狄浦斯解决不会变成自恋的失败，从而导致自尊心的丧失，而自尊心的丧失可能源于更多的病态依恋。因此，孩子可以自由地放弃他与父母之间强烈的俄狄浦斯依恋。同样，他的放弃为减少与父母的冲突和对父母更多的自主认同奠定了基础。 The situation is quite similar for the little girl. The interlocking of projections and introjections serves to modify the intensity of ambivalence toward both parental figures. The diminishing of ambivalence toward the mother allows for more positive and constructive introjections and thus identifications with her. The child's emerging sense of feminine identity brings further resolution to the relationship with the father so that the intensity of Oedipal erotic attachments is lessened and more appropriate forms of affection and interaction are sustained. 小女孩的情况也差不多。投射和内摄的互锁作用是为了缓和对父母形象的矛盾心理。对母亲矛盾心理的减少允许更多积极和建设性的内摄，从而认同她。孩子逐渐形成的女性认同感进一步解决了他们与父亲之间的关系，从而降低了俄狄浦斯情欲依恋的强度，维持了更合适的情感和互动形式。 It is important to remember that these crucial internalizations take place in a complex and interactive manner. The influences are overlapping and mutually modifying. The successful resolution of Oedipal attachments is thus contingent on multiple factors-genetic, maturational, experiential, interactional, etc. The factors which contribute to the distortion or impairment of the working through of reciprocal introjections and projections will contribute similarly to a pathological outcome. There seems to be good evidence to suggest, as Sarnoff (1972) has indicated, that there is a further progression detectable in the modification of introjective and projective processes as the course of latency development unfolds and verges into early adolescence. 重要的是要记住，这些至关重要的内化是以一种复杂的、互动的方式进行的。这些影响是相互重叠和相互影响的。因此，俄狄浦斯依恋的成功解决取决于多种因素——遗传的、成熟的、经验的、互动的等等。对相互的内摄和投射过程的扭曲或损伤的因素，也会导致类似的病理结果。似乎有很好的证据表明，正如Sarnoff(1972)所指出的，随着潜伏期的发展过程的展开和接近于青春期早期，在内摄和投射过程的修改中可以发现进一步的进展。 With regard to superego formations at this stage, the emergence of the superego in the context of the Oedipal resolution is an established conclusion. However, as our previous examination of introjection suggests, the postoedipal introjections are not simply limited to superego formation. They have a much broader influence on intrapsychic organization. Similarly, it is not altogether satisfactory to account for superego formation itself simply in terms of these postoedipal introjections. There are also significant identifications as well as other significant introjections involved. This is not to minimize the significance of the role of these postoedipal internalizations, but to underline their complexity and richness. 关于这个阶段超我的形成，在俄狄浦斯解决下超我的出现是一个确定的结论。然而，正如我们先前对内摄的研究所表明的那样，后俄狄浦斯的内摄并不仅仅局限于超我的形成。他们对心理组织有更广泛的影响。同样地，仅从后俄狄浦斯的内摄来解释超我的形成本身，也不是完全令人满意的。还有一些重要的认同和其他重要的内摄涉及其中。这并不是要贬低这些后俄狄浦斯内化的重要性，而是要强调它们的复杂性和丰富性。