Narcissistic Vulnerability 自恋的脆弱性 It should also be noted that the child's emergence into the broader world of increasing experience and development of skills and knowledge often provides a considerable buffering for the child's narcissistic vulnerability. To the extent that this obtains in a given case, the need for the narcissistic defenses—specifically introjection and projection—will be correspondingly modified. However, the child's experience, particularly in the face of regressive responses to instinctual pressures or in the face of disappointments or frustrations in the school situation, may expose the child to considerable self-doubt and shaming which serve to undermine his emerging self-esteem and to pose the threat of narcissistic injury. In such cases the need for narcissistic defense can be increased so that the normal and expectable modifying influence of introjective and projective development will be distorted in ways which increase their pathogenic potential. Thus in complex ways there is an interactional effect of the vicissitudes of ego development on the workings of the paranoid process, in addition to the reciprocal influence of paranoid mechanisms on the pattern and quality of emerging ego consolidation. 还应注意到，儿童进入越来越多的经验的更广阔的世界，技能和知识得到了发展，这些往往为儿童的自恋脆弱性提供了相当大的缓冲。在某种程度上，在特定的情况下，对自恋防御的需要——特别是内摄和投射——将相应地得到修正。然而,孩子的经验,尤其是在面对本能压力的退行反应，或在学校面对失望和挫折的情况下,可能会让孩子暴露在大量的自我怀疑和羞耻中，这会破坏他的新兴自尊，并构成自恋创伤的威胁。在这种情况下，对自恋防御的需要会增加，从而使内摄性和投射性发展正常可预期的修正影响被扭曲，从而增加其致病的可能性。因此，在复杂的方式中，除了偏执机制对出现的自我的巩固的模式和质量的相互影响之外，自我发展的变迁对偏执过程的运作也有相互影响的作用。 As a result of this process, the ego undergoes a certain consolidation, so that it increases its capacity to resist regressive pulls of various kinds. Parental approval and support become increasingly less important for the maintenance of the child's sense of worth and self-esteem. Rather his self-esteem increasingly derives from his own sense of mastery and capacity for achievement which provides him with a certain amount of object recognition and social approval. Thus the child's inner sense of resourcefulness and mastery become the primary regulators of self-esteem. 作为这个过程的结果，自我经历了一定的巩固，因此它增加了抵抗各种退行拉力的能力。父母的认可和支持在维持孩子的价值感和自尊方面变得越来越不重要。相反，他的自尊越来越多地来自于他自己的掌控感和取得成就的能力，这让他获得了一定程度的客体承认和社会认可。因此，孩子内心的足智多谋感和掌控感成为自尊的主要调节因素。 In parallel with these aspects of development, and closely coordinated with them, the ego functions of perception, learning, memory, and thought become increasingly well established and achieve greater levels of functional capacity. They are thus increasingly available as resources which the ego is able to employ in dealing with both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. These functions also achieve an increasing degree of autonomy, with the result that they are less subject to instinctual influences and more able to operate effectively in given areas of conflict-free functioning. 与发展的这些方面平行，并与它们密切协调，自我的感知、学习、记忆和思维功能变得越来越完善，并达到更高的功能能力水平。因此，它们越来越多地成为自我用来处理内在和外在刺激的资源。这些职能也实现了越来越大程度的自主，其结果是，它们较少受到本能的影响，更能够在特定的无冲突职能领域有效地运作。