Superego Modification 超我修改 The higher functions of ego and superego thus become increasingly autonomous and operate more in the secondary process modality and less in primary process ones as a result of regressive instinctual influences. This emergence and consolidation of relatively more autonomous ego functions is attributable to the progressive consolidation and integration due to positive identificatory processes which affect the organization and the structuring of the ego itself, as well as its gradual integration with superego elements as a result of these same processes. 因此，自我和超我的高级功能变得越来越自主，更多地在次级过程形态中运作，而较少作为退行性本能影响的结果在初级过程中运作。相对更多的自治性自我功能的出现和整合，可归因于逐步整合和集成，它们是由于积极认同的过程，这过程影响自我本身的组织和构建,也归因于它与超我的元素的逐渐集成，这是这些相同过程的结果。 We might add a word about superego development in this period. We have already noted the frequently seen transition in quality of superego activity from a relatively rigid and primitively strict superego to an increasingly flexible and more realistic superego in the progression from early to late latency(Sarnoff,1971). The internalization of the superego provides the child with an internal resource which was in large measure lacking during the Oedipal period. Superego internalization is based on the renunciation of parental attachments and is a necessary consequence of the cathectic shifts and structuralizing processes which bring the Oedipal situation to its resolution. As we have already noted, the resolution of Oedipal attachments is not a magical process and does not occur in instantaneous fashion. The quality of the early latency superego is in fact determined by the residual influence of Oedipal instinctual attachments and defenses against them. 关于这个时期的超我发展，我们可以多说两句。我们已经注意到，在从早期到后期的潜伏期的过程中，超我活动的质量从一个相对僵硬和原始严格的超我向一个日益灵活和更加现实的超我的转变(Sarnoff,1971)。超我的内化为孩子提供了一种内在的资源，这在很大程度上是俄狄浦斯时期所缺乏的。超我内化的基础是对父母依恋的放弃，这是精神投入转变和结构化过程的必然结果，这种转变和结构化过程使俄狄浦斯情境得以解决。我们已经注意到，俄狄浦斯情境的解决不是一个神奇的过程，也不是以瞬间的方式发生的。早期潜伏期超我的品质实际上是由俄狄浦斯本能依恋的残留影响和对它们的防御所决定的。 Part of the internalization of parental images and a significant contribution to resolution of the real Oedipal attachments is the turning of aggression inward and its internalization in the form of superego pressures. The internalization is directed primarily to parental superego attitudes, so that the internalized possession of these parental controls provides the child with a resource for regulation of Oedipal instinctual attachments and consequently contributes to the modification of drive intensity and the severity of ambivalent involvements. 父母形象的内化，以及对解决真实俄狄浦斯依恋的一个重要贡献，是将攻击转向内部，并以超我压力的形式内化。内化主要是指父母的超我态度，因此内化的父母控制为孩子提供了一种资源来调节俄狄浦斯本能依恋，从而有助于改变驱力强度以及矛盾关系的严重性。 The gradual modification of superego severity, however, is part of the continuing work of latency development. It is accomplished intrinsically by the continued working of paranoid processes in the continuing process of modification by means of reciprocally interlocking projections and introjections. As the child expands the limits of his latency experience, the availability of a variety of significant objects to assist him in this process becomes a marked feature of his developmental experience. Not only does the process of projection and introjection continue to be worked through in relationship to parental objects, but the child's involvement with other adult figures, particularly teachers, also serves to modify the configuration of introjects and their corresponding projections. To a certain extent I believe that the process also involves the child's relationships with other children with whom he becomes more closely and extensively involved. Some of these projected elements are worked through in the context of play activity with other children, but other significant contributions come from sharing of experiences, and broadening of the child's awareness of the varieties of experience provided by other children. Thus a significant contributing force to the modification of the child's superego intensity comes by way of vicarious experiences. 然而，超我严厉程度的逐步修正，是潜伏期发展的持续工作的一部分。它在本质上是通过偏执过程的持续工作来完成的，在持续的修正过程中，通过互锁的投射和内摄来完成。当孩子扩展他的潜伏期经验的限制时，在这个过程中帮助他的各种重要客体的可用性成为他发展经验的一个显著特征。投射和内摄的过程不仅与父母的客体有关，而且孩子与其他成人角色的关系，特别是教师的关系，也有助于修改内摄的结构和相应的投射。在某种程度上，我认为这个过程也涉及到孩子与其他孩子的关系，他与这些孩子的关系更加密切和广泛。其中一些被投射元素是在与其他儿童玩耍活动的范围内进行的，但其他重要的贡献来自于分享经验，以及扩大儿童对其他儿童所提供的各种经验的认识。因此，儿童超我强度的改变的一个重要因素来自替代体验。 In summary, then, the latency period emerges as a phase of significant internalizations, which serve to resolve and modify the intensity of Oedipal attachments, and second, as a period of significant amplification of the child's inner resources and of consolidation and continuing modification of emergent ego and superego structures. The important developmental attainments that the child realizes during this period serve not only as an important basis for his future role and functioning in the world around him, but particularly serve as an important resource for the sustaining and stabilizing of self-esteem. To the extent that this acquisition becomes a permanent one, and one which is relatively immune from instinctual regression, the child derives a continuing source of narcissistic resourcefulness which will stand him in good stead in confronting the inevitable regression of the adolescent period. 总之,潜伏期作为一个重要的内化阶段出现,它解决和修改了俄狄浦斯依恋的强度,其次,在这个时期，孩子的内部资源的，以及出现的自我和超我结构的整合和持续修改，有了重要的扩大。儿童在这一时期所取得的重要发展成就，不仅是他今后在周围世界中所起作用和发挥作用的重要基础，而且特别有助于维持和稳定自尊。如果这种习得成为一种永久性的习得，并且相对不受本能退行的影响，那么孩子就会获得一种自恋的足智多谋的持续的源泉，这将使他在面对青春期不可避免的退行时处于有利的地位。