Castration Anxiety 阉割焦虑 Before leaving considerations of the Oedipal developmental phase, it may be useful to briefly consider some of the pathological aspects of Oedipal involvements. Both castration anxiety and penis envy are specific manifestations of the pathology of Oedipal relationships. Both of these, however, can be brought into focus as specific manifestations of the paranoid process in this pathological expression. 在离开对对俄狄浦斯发展阶段的思考之前，简要地考虑一下俄狄浦斯关系的某些病理方面可能是有益的。阉割焦虑和阴茎嫉羡都是俄狄浦斯关系病态的具体表现。然而，这两者都可以作为偏执过程在这一病理表达中的具体表现而受到关注。 As we have already observed, castration anxiety reflects not only the hostile projections from one aspect of the child's Oedipal involvement, but also reflects his sense of vulnerability and weakness as a part of his own sense of emerging self. Thus the emergence of castration anxiety in the young boy is a result not only of a projective elaboration of the aggressive and destructive rivalry with the father, but also to a significant degree reflects the introjection of the vulnerability and victimized (castrated) weakness of the mother. The child's sense of potential identification with the mother is thus an integral part of his castration fears. 正如我们已经观察到的，阉割焦虑不仅反映了从孩子的俄狄浦斯关系的一个方面的敌对投射，也反映了他的脆弱感和软弱感，这是他出现的自我感的一部分。因此，小男孩阉割焦虑的出现，不仅是对其与父亲的侵略性和破坏性对抗的投射性阐述，而且在很大程度上反映了对母亲的脆弱性和受害(被阉割的)弱点的内摄。因此，孩子对母亲的潜在认同感是他阉割恐惧的一个组成部分。 As we have already noted in our earlier discussion, the emergence of castration anxiety is thus quite closely linked to the parameters of separation anxiety that had adhered in earlier developmental levels. The degree to which the mother projects upon the child her own sense of vulnerability and victimization contributes to the pattern of introjection which underlies the child's emerging sense of susceptibility, and thus contributes to the degree of castration anxiety. It is important to keep this introjective element in focus, since the more traditional approach to castration anxiety has focused on projective elements of the child's relationship to the father. It also suggests that the phenomenon of castration anxiety is considerably more complex than is suggested by an appeal to motivations of simple Oedipal guilt. 正如我们在前面的讨论中已经指出的，阉割焦虑的出现与早期发育水平上的分离焦虑因素密切相关。母亲将自己的脆弱感和受害感投射到孩子身上的程度，有助于形成一种内摄的模式，这种模式构成了孩子逐渐形成的脆弱性的基础，从而导致了阉割焦虑的程度。重要的是要把这种内摄的元素放在焦点上，因为更传统的阉割焦虑的方法集中在孩子与父亲关系的投射元素上。它还表明，阉割焦虑的现象比单纯的俄狄浦斯内疚感的动机所暗示的要复杂得多。 When we turn to castration anxiety in the female and its inherent relationship to penis envy, it is apparent that we move to a new and significant level of discourse. It becomes quickly apparent that a fundamental aspect of the phenomenon of both castration anxiety and penis envy is their relationship to narcissism. Both castration anxiety and penis envy represent a severe compromise in the child's residual sense of narcissistic omnipotence and entitlement. While the mutilative and aggressive aspects of these states have been amply demonstrated and considered in the literature, less than adequate attention has been paid to these states as reflections of underlying narcissistic trauma. 当我们谈到女性的阉割焦虑及其与阴茎嫉妒的内在关系时，很明显，我们进入了一个新的和重要的话语层面。很明显，阉割焦虑和阴茎嫉妒现象的一个基本方面是它们与自恋的关系。阉割焦虑和阴茎嫉妒都是对孩子残存的自恋全能感和权利意识的严重妥协。虽然这些状态的残害和侵略性已经在文献中得到了充分的论证和考虑，但作为潜在的自恋创伤的反映，对这些状态的关注还不够。 From this point of view castration anxiety is a reflection of the child's loss of a sense of omnipotence and the correlative emergence of a sense of vulnerability. In this regard castration anxiety can be regarded as a reflection of the child's unwillingness to surrender this sense of potency. For the male child, for example, to accept the smallness and inadequacy and impotency of his genitals in comparison to his father's, is to accept his inadequacy within the context of Oedipal wishes and desires. 从这个角度看，阉割焦虑是儿童全能感丧失和脆弱感相应出现的一种反映。在这方面，阉割焦虑可以被看作是孩子不愿意放弃这种能力的反映。例如，对于男孩来说，接受他的生殖器与他父亲的相比是渺小的、不充分的和无能的，就是在俄狄浦斯的愿望和欲望的背景下接受他的不充分。 Castration anxiety in a sense, then, is an attempt to salvage the wish for more mature sexual potency and to avoid the narcissistic injury that would be connected with accepting the child's relative impotency. Thus, if the father is in fantasy intent upon punishing the child for his genital wishes, the fantasies associated with castration anxiety must serve to preserve the illusion of genital capacity. The set of projections which underlie and support the castration fears can be seen as a narcissistic defense which serves to preserve the underlying narcissism and the intactness of the child's sense of self in the face of the admission of real inadequacy. 因此，从某种意义上说，阉割焦虑是一种试图挽救对更成熟的性能力的渴望，并避免与接受孩子的相对无能有关的自恋伤害。因此，如果在幻想中父亲意图惩罚孩子的生殖愿望，与阉割焦虑相关的幻想必须服务于保持生殖能力的幻想。作为基础和支持阉割恐惧的一系列投射可以被看作是一种自恋防御，这种自恋防御有助于在承认真正的不足时保持潜在的自恋和孩子自我意识的完整。 Furthermore, the little boy's small genitals must be compared with the large and potent ones of his father, so that part of the child's castration anxiety complex must include an element of penis envy. The narcissistic affront involved in this is based on the underlying entitlement, which requires that whatever someone else has should also belong to the individual by right. This aspect of the Oedipal involvement was clearly stated in the case of Jimmy, for whom his own sense of genital inadequacy provided a severe narcissistic trauma from which he could protect himself only by a set of pathological defenses. Thus castration anxiety can serve not only as a punishment for Oedipal genital wishes, but also serves in a less obvious way as a means of preserving the underlying narcissistic wish by means of the projective defense. We have seen this aspect of the projective defense in other areas of paranoid pathology as well. 此外，小男孩的小生殖器必须与他父亲的大而有力的生殖器相比较，因此，孩子的阉割焦虑情结的一部分必须包括对阴茎的嫉妒。这种自恋式的冒犯是基于一种潜在的权利，这种权利要求其他人拥有的任何东西都应该理所当然地属于这个人。这方面的俄狄浦斯关系在吉米的例子中得到了明确的说明，对吉米来说，他自己的生殖器缺陷感提供了一个严重的自恋创伤，他只能通过一套病态的防御来保护自己。因此，阉割焦虑不仅可以作为对俄狄浦斯生殖愿望的惩罚，还可以作为一种不那么明显的方式，通过投射性防御来保存潜在的自恋愿望。我们已经看到投射防御的这个方面在偏执病理的其他领域也有体现。