Emerging Individuation 出现的个体化 The point that should be stressed is that the child's Oedipal experience not only introduces him to a new level in the management of complex object relationships, but also serves to advance the process of individuation and separation. The child moves from a level of infantile dependence on each of the parental figures in characteristically unique ways to a new level of involvement in which his dependence is cast more specifically in terms of the larger social unit of the family, and in which his own sense of autonomous individuation in relation to the family unit becomes more specifically established. The increasing sense of individuation, which is related to the Oedipal attainment, is both a result of the continuing process of introjection, which builds up the sense of emerging self and its correlative autonomy, as well as the ongoing sense of separation which the child attains in relationship to both parental figures. 需要强调的一点是，孩子的俄狄浦斯经验不仅使他在管理复杂的客体关系上达到一个新的水平，而且有助于促进个体化和分离的过程。孩子从对每个父母形象典型独特的婴儿式依赖的水平前进到一个新的水平，在其中，他的依赖是按照家庭这个更大的社会单元塑造的，在其中，他作为家庭单元中自治个体的感觉开始建立起来。这种增加的个体化感觉(这与俄狄浦斯成就有关)，既是内摄的持续过程的结果(它建立出现的自我意识及其相关的自主权),也是进行中的分离感(孩子在与父母两方的关系中获得)的结果。 The emergence from a level of infantile dependence to a level of triadic dependence requires that the child achieve a more developed sense of separation from the individual parental figures and an increasing capacity to relate to them in more developed and socialized terms. While analysts have focused primarily on the genital aspect of this developmental phase, presumably because of the instinctual emphasis within psychoanalytic thinking, the social and object relations aspects of it should not be disregarded. Thus the Oedipal configuration provides the significant first step in the child's socialization, in the broader sense of his emerging capacity to relate to other human beings in terms of group constellations, such that elements of communal sharing take on increased emphasis. 从幼儿依赖到三元依赖的出现，要求儿童获得一种与父母个体分离的更发达的感觉，以及一种增长中的以更发达和社会化的方式与他们建立联系的能力。虽然分析学家主要关注这一发展阶段的性器方面，可能是由于精神分析思维的本能重点，但它的社会和客体关系方面不应该被忽视。因此，俄狄浦斯格局为孩子的社会化提供了重要的第一步，从更广泛的意义上说，他逐渐具备了与他人建立群体关系的能力，这样，群体共享的元素就变得更加重要了。 The important emphasis that we would like to make here is that these processes of individuation and separation are linked to the continuing working of projection and introjection. The child's capacity to introject continues to build up his sense of self, particularly the sense of self in relationship to others around him. Similarly, the process of projection serves to underline the sense of otherness and of separateness from objects around the child. 这里我们想强调的重点是，这些个体化和分离的过程与投射和内摄的持续工作有关。孩子的内摄能力继续建立他的自我意识，特别是与他周围的人的关系中的自我意识。同样，投射的过程也强调了他人感，以及孩子与周围客体的分离感。 Thus we are talking here about a continuing process of self-object differentiation which extends the basic mechanisms which were at work in the child's first delineations of self from the surrounding environment. It is an inherent aspect of the process of projection that what is separated off from the self and attributed to the outside world is thus conceived of as separated from the self and inherent in the other as other. There is consequently an increasing awareness of and tolerance for the separation of the significant objects. 因此，我们在这里谈论的是一个持续的自我客体分化的过程，它扩展了儿童最初从周围环境中描绘自我的基本机制。这是投射过程的一个内在方面，即从自我中分离出来并归于外部世界的事物，因此被视为从自我中分离出来，并作为他者内在地存在于他者之中。因此，人们对重要客体的分离有了越来越多的认识和容忍。 The very fact that the child attains a level of complex social interaction within the triadic context implies that in some degree his tolerance for the separateness and individuality of the respective parental figures has to that degree been significantly increased. But that tolerance itself is correlative to the child's own emerging sense of individuality and his sense of autonomy as an independently existing person. It is important in this regard to remember that separation does not mean isolation. If the child achieves a new degree of a sense of separation and individuation, it is important to remember that the sense of individuation is related to and built into a context of continuing object relatedness which serves to sustain his newfound and newly achieved individuality. The child's sense of individuality or identity is related to and sustained by his continuing involvement with parental figures—not in the same form as had been achieved at a pregenital level, but in a new form which is dictated by the larger social involvement of the family unit. Thus the Oedipal involvement carries with it a sense of belonging and participation which is linked to and responsive to the child's newly emerging sense of identity. The projective aspect of the Oedipal involvement can be seen to serve not only to successively separate the child from significant figures, but also to preserve significant object ties in more appropriate and adaptive fashion consistent with the developmental progression. 儿童在三元环境中获得一定程度的复杂社会互动，这一事实本身就意味着，在某种程度上，他对各自父母形象的独立性和个体性的容忍程度已大大提高。但这种宽容本身是与孩子的个体意识和作为独立存在的人的自主性相关的。在这方面，重要的是要记住，分离并不意味着孤立。如果孩子到达了分离感和个体化的一个新程度，重要的是要记住，个体化的感觉是相关的，并建立在一个持续的客体关系的环境中，这有助于维持他的新发现和新获得的个体性。儿童的个体感或身份感与他与父母形象的持续关系有关并得到后者的维持——这种关系的形式不同于前性器阶段，而是一种新的形式，由家庭单元这种更大的社会关系所支配。因此，俄狄浦斯关系带来了一种归属感和参与感，这种归属感和参与感与孩子新出现的身份感相联系，并对其作出反应。俄狄浦斯关系的投射方面不仅可以被看作是将孩子从重要的人物中分离出来，而且还可以使重要的客体关系以更合适、更适应的方式与发展进程保持一致。