Penis Envy 阴茎嫉羡 Similarly in the case of penis envy in little girls, the phenomenon develops not only within a context in which the sense of having been castrated and deprived dominates the set of fantasies, but also in which the underlying introjection of the victimized and disadvantaged mother figure serves as the basis on which the feelings of penis envy are elaborated. Thus genital differences between the parents can become the focus for the child's understanding of other distortions in the parents' sadomasochistic relationship. Consequently, while penis envy is related to and attached to basic biological differences, it nonetheless reflects underlying introjective dynamics which are considerably more significant in the understanding and in the vicissitudes of such envy. This became quite clear, for example, in the analysis of Karen, for whom the violent and intense feelings about the whole issue of penis envy, displayed at large in her relationships to men and displayed in particularly intense and vivid ways within the analysis, reflected in a very basic sense Karen's underlying sense of identification with her vulnerable and victimized mother. Thus both castration anxiety and penis envy are reflections of the pathological operation of the paranoid process. 小女孩的阴茎嫉妒是类似的，这种现象不仅发展于这样的环境中，在其中被阉割和被剥夺的感觉主导了所有幻想，而且也发展于这样的环境中，在其中对受欺负的和弱势的母亲的内摄成了阴茎嫉妒这种感受被细化的基础。因此，父母生殖器的差异可以成为孩子理解父母施虐受虐关系中其他扭曲的焦点。因此，虽然阴茎嫉妒与基本的生理差异有关，但它仍然反映了潜在的内摄动力学，这种内摄动力学对于理解这种嫉妒更为重要，在这种嫉妒的变迁中也更为重要。这点变得非常清晰了，例如，在卡伦的分析中，关于阴茎嫉妒这整件事的粗暴而强烈的感受，充分显示在她和男人们之间的关系中，并以一种特别强烈和生动的方式显现在分析中，反映在一种非常基本的感受中，即对于她脆弱的和受欺负的母亲的认同感中。因此，阉割焦虑和阴茎嫉妒都是偏执过程病理运作的反映。 The question which this, of course, raises is whether such pathological manifestations of Oedipal involvements are not indeed universal as expressions of such involvement and do not form important motivating aspects of the later developmental vicissitudes. Once again we are unavoidably confronted with the question of the overlapping and interdigitating of processes which can be regarded as pathological, but yet seem inexorably to be drawn into the vicissitudes of even normal development. 当然，这所提出的问题是，俄狄浦斯关系的这种病态表现，作为这种关系的表现，是否确实不是普遍的，也不构成后来发展变迁的重要推动因素。我们再一次不可避免地面临过程的重叠和相互交错的问题，这些过程可以被视为是病态的，但似乎不可避免地要被卷入甚至正常发展的变迁之中。 Clearly in the course of normal development the issues of castration anxiety or penis envy are readily assimilated into a fuller context of significant and supportive object relationships which provide other buffers to the narcissistic trauma and provide other resources by which the child is enabled to sustain and elaborate a sense of self-esteem. It is the child's continuing introjection of paternal strengths and his positive object involvement with his father that provides the basis of an assurance against castrative loss and offers the promise through identification of the achievement of greater potency and masculine power. Consequently, it is in this aspect of the Oedipal involvement that the narcissistic injury can be redressed and the bases for more realistic sustaining of the child's emergent self-esteem can be achieved. 显然在正常发育过程中，阉割焦虑或阴茎嫉妒的问题，很容易融入重要和支持性客体关系更全面的环境，这些客体关系提供了对自恋创伤的缓冲区，提供了孩子可以用来维持和细化自尊感的其他资源。正是孩子对父亲力量的持续内摄和他对父亲的正面客体关系，提供了对抗阉割损失的信心，通过对更大的性能力和男性权力成就的认同提供了许诺。因此，正是在俄狄浦斯关系的的这个方面，自恋伤害可以被补偿，现实可行的维持孩子出现的自尊的基础获得实现。 Hence it can be seen that the Oedipal period, as a central and critical stage in infantile development, is a vital phase for the working through of the paranoid process. But not only that, insofar as the paranoid process operates in critical ways to establish the psychological parameters along which the Oedipal attainment takes shape and builds itself. It is not only in the pathological deviations that we are able to identify the workings of the paranoid process, but in the very central and significant dimensions of the developmental process itself are the workings of the paranoid mechanisms to be discovered. 因此，可以看出，俄狄浦斯期作为婴儿发展的一个中心和关键阶段，是偏执过程经历的一个重要阶段。不仅如此，只要偏执过程以关键的方式运作来建立心理参数，俄狄浦斯成就就会形成并构建自己。我们不仅能够在病态偏离中识别出偏执过程的运作，而且在发展过程本身的非常中心和重要的维度中也可以发现偏执机制的运作。