ALIENATION 异化 One of the interesting spin-offs of this consideration is the role that these processes play in the antisocial tendencies that express themselves in delinquency or criminal tendencies and in the more general phenomenon of alienation. Delinquency is in effect a form of negative identity which sets itself over against the standards and expectations of the society at large and responds to the social pressures involved by criminal or delinquent forms of acting-out. Thus it seems to me that delinquent behavior must be set in the larger context of the alienation that takes place between the emerging younger generation and the older and more established segments of the society within which the younger generation seeks to establish and integrate itself. The delinquent becomes identified through his antisocial acting-out, but his turning to a negative identity and his rebellion against social mores is only one form of less-than-optimal resolution of a larger and more significant question that relates to the issue of alienation. 这种思考的一个有趣副产品是这些过程在反社会倾向中所起的作用，这些反社会倾向表现为青少年犯罪或犯罪倾向 和 更普遍的异化现象。青少年犯罪实际上是负面身份的一种形式，它违背社会的标准和期望，并对付诸行动的犯罪或青少年犯罪形式所涉及的社会压力作出反应。因此，在我看来，青少年犯罪行为必须被置于一个更大的异化背景中，异化发生在新兴的年轻一代与更老、更成熟的社会群体之间，年轻一代试图在社会中建立和整合自己。青少年罪犯通过他的反社会行为化得到了认同，但他向负面身份的转变和对社会习俗的反叛只是一个更大、更重要的问题的非最优解决方式之一，这个问题与异化问题有关。