Emerging Identity 形成中的身份 The withdrawal of libido from parental objects disqualifies the parents as sources of libidinal gratification and the adolescent is beset with a hunger for objects. This hunger is reflected in the marked adolescent propensity for shifting, labile, superficial, and transient attachments and identifications. This is the adolescent's way of preserving his ties to the outside world and avoiding a complete libidinal withdrawal. The lability of this internal situation makes the ego susceptible to regressive pulls. The relatively stable identifications acquired in the preceding developmental phases lose their stability and consolidation to a certain extent. They are subject to regressive influences and the pattern of relationship to parental objects becomes a matter of more primitive forms of internalization. The relations to the parents are based on the interactions of introjection and projection. As has been the case in earlier levels of development, the real parents become confused with "good" and "bad" introjects. The pattern of adolescent vacillation between rejecting and clinging to parents reflects the influence of these introjective components in the relationships. The introjects have been more or less dormant during the latency period but are revivified in the adolescent regression. The attachment to new objects serves a twofold purpose in this regard. It facilitates the decathexis of the old introjects, and at the same time—particularly in regard to the "bad" introjects—it offers the possibility of modifying and neutralizing these potentially toxic introjects by the acquisition of new "good" introjects. Ultimately these inner vicissitudes of the infantile introjects must be resolved through a definitive identification—preferably with the parent of the same sex. 当力比多从父母客体中撤回时，父母就失去了作为力比多满足源的资格，青少年就被对客体的渴望所困扰。这种渴望反映在明显的青春期倾向中，即转移的、不稳定的、肤浅的和短暂的依恋和认同。这是青少年保持与外部世界的联系，避免完全的力比多撤回的方式。这种内部情况的不稳定性使自我容易受到退行性拉动。在前期发展阶段获得的相对稳定的认同在一定程度上失去了稳定性和固结性。他们受到退行性影响，与父母客体的关系模式成为一种更为原始的内化形式。与父母的关系是建立在内摄与投射的互动之上的。正如在早期的发展阶段那样，真实的父母会变的与“好的”和“坏的”内摄物混淆。青少年在拒绝和依附父母之间摇摆不定的模式反映了这些关系中内摄性元素的影响。在潜伏期 内摄物体或多或少处于休眠状态，但在青春期退行中恢复。在这方面，对新客体的依恋有双重目的。它促进了对旧内摄物的去精神投入，同时，特别是关于“坏的”内摄物，它提供了通过获得新的“好的”内摄物来修改和中和这些潜在毒性内摄物的可能性。最终，这些婴儿式内摄物的内在的变化必须通过一个确定的认同来解决——最好是同性别的父母。 The adolescent's capacity to turn to appropriate heterosexual objects and to establish meaningful nonincestuous relations is linked to his emerging sense of sexual identity. The resolution of the Oedipal complex carries with it the residues of both positive and negative Oedipal strivings. The resulting identifications are composite integrations of identifications with both parents. Little boys carry away with them residues of feminine identification and feminine strivings. The polarity of masculine and feminine roles is fixed, however, in the adolescent synthesis. The adolescent boy experiences an upsurge of homosexual libido and feminine strivings which he must relinquish in order to reach a more definitively masculine position. The girl must relinquish her masculine striving and its underlying component of penis envy in order to achieve her full potential as a woman—and further as a mother. The onset of menarche polarizes and confirms this development. The success of the development to feminine sexual identity depends on the girl's successful renunciation of maternal dependency—but at the same time on her successful identification with the mother as a reproductive and sex-role model. These developmental contingencies are in turn dependent on the quality of previous identifications with the mother. If such identifications are contaminated by hostility, the girl will not be able to accept her own heterosexual desires and maternal sense of identity without anxiety and conflict. The emergence of a healthy and mature sense of sexual identity for both sexes is thus based in part on the establishment of a secure sense of sexual identity and the capacity to accept adult sexual roles without anxiety. Identification with the same-sex parent is a crucial aspect of this process. Obviously, when the parents do not provide the child with adequate models of masculinity or femininity the child's adjustment in this regard becomes more precarious. 青少年转向合适的异性恋客体并建立有意义的非乱伦关系的能力与他逐渐形成的性身份感有关。俄狄浦斯情结的解决带来了积极和消极的俄狄浦斯努力的残留物。所得到的认同是与双亲认同的复合整合。小男孩们带走了女性认同和女性努力的残余。然而，在青春期的合成中，男性和女性角色的极性是固着的。青春期的男孩经历了同性恋力比多的高潮和女性的努力，这些他必须放弃，以达到一个更明确的男性地位。女孩必须放弃她的男子气概和潜在的阴茎嫉妒成分，以实现她作为一个女人，以及进一步作为一个母亲的全部潜力。初潮的出现使这一发展趋向两极化。女性性身份的成功发展有赖于女孩成功地摆脱母亲依赖，但同时也有赖于她成功地认同母亲作为生殖和性别角色的模范。这些发展的偶发事件反过来又依赖于先前与母亲的认同的质量。如果这种认同被敌意所污染，女孩就无法在没有焦虑和冲突的情况下接受自己的异性恋欲望和母性身份感。因此，一种健康和成熟的两性性身份感的出现，部分是基于一种安全的性身份感的建立，以及无焦虑地接受成人性角色的能力。认同同性父母是这个过程的一个关键方面。显然，如果父母不向孩子提供适当的男性或女性特征的模型，孩子在这方面的适应就会变得更加不稳定。