Narcissistic Regression 自恋退行 The renunciation of parental objects and the attendant loss of object-libido have a number of important consequences. The loss of parental objects leads to a transitional narcissistic phase which is intermediate between the attachment to parents and a more definitive heterosexual object-involvement. Libido is withdrawn not simply from the external parent or parental object-representations but from the internalized parent as well. The superego, as we have seen, arises from the internalization of parental representations in the resolution of the Oedipal situation. The superego, together with the ego-ideal, thus becomes the primary agency for intrapsychic regulation and for the maintenance of self-esteem. The shifts in cathexis bring about a weakening of superego. In renouncing the parents, the adolescent also withdraws from the internalized parental equivalents which reside in the moral evaluative standards of the superego. This has its risks for future development and for the adolescent's adaptation to the world around him, but as Erikson has pointed out so clearly these inner developmental shifts provide the continuing potential for reformulation and revivification of the values and beliefs not only of youth, but of the community at large. 对父母客体的放弃和随之而来的对客体力比多的丧失有许多重要的后果。父母客体的丧失会导致过渡的自恋阶段，其介于对父母的依恋和更明确的异性恋客体关系之间。力比多不仅从外部父母或父母的客体表征中撤退，也从内化的父母中撤退。超我，如我们所见，来自于在解决俄狄浦斯情境时对父母表征的内化。因此，超我与理想自体一起成为心理内部调节和自尊维持的主要机构。精神投入的转变导致了超我的弱化。在放弃父母的同时，青少年也从内化的父母对等物中撤出，而这种内化存在于超我的道德评价标准中。这对未来发展和青少年的适应他周围的世界有风险，但是正如埃里克森明确指出的，这些内在的发展转变不仅为年轻人，而且为社区价值观和信仰的再形成和复活提供了持续的潜力。 The adolescent's withdrawal from the familiar objects of childhood leads to a narcissistic overvaluation of self. The adolescent becomes increasingly aware of his inner processes. He becomes self-absorbed, self-centered, and self-concerned. This may lead to a narcissistic withdrawal and disturbance of reality-testing. The adolescent often resorts to narcissistic defenses to defend against the disappointment and disillusionment of his meager position in reality. He may find it difficult to give up the gratifying parent on whom he has come to depend—especially if the parent has been overly protective and solicitous—and face his own limitations and inadequacies. He may be afraid to take responsibility for his own abilities and their consequences—as well as unwilling to face the demands of adult responsibility. 青少年从童年熟悉的客体的撤回导致了对自体的自恋性高估。青少年越来越意识到自己的内在过程。他变得自我吸引，自我中心，自我关注。这可能会导致自恋性撤回和对现实检验的干扰。青少年常常诉诸自恋性防御来抵御他在现实中可怜地位的失望和幻灭。他可能会发现，很难放弃他一直以来所依赖的令人满意的父母——尤其是在父母过度保护和关心的情况下——并面对自己的局限性和不胜任。他可能害怕为自己的能力和后果承担责任，也不愿意面对成人责任的要求。 With the induced narcissistic regression, the intensity of narcissistic needs is heightened. This leaves the adolescent self more susceptible to narcissistic injury and disillusionment. This provides another important source of the mobilization of introjection-projection, specifically as narcissistic defenses. Thus introjection and projection come into operation in specific ways to sustain the threatened sense of self and preserve its threatened integrity. The regressive activation of introjection-projection tends to regressively intensify cathexis of and attachment to parental objects. 随着自恋的退行，自恋需求的强度被提高。这使得青少年更容易受到自恋伤害和幻灭的影响。这为调动内摄-投射提供了另一个重要来源，特别是作为自恋防御。因此，内摄和投射以特定的方式开始运作，以维持受到威胁的自体感，并维持其受到威胁的完整性。内摄-投射的退行激活倾向于退行地强化对父母客体的精神投入和依恋。 In this way adolescent conflicts can be prolonged for a considerable time. It becomes easily understandable that the reluctance to renounce dependence on and love of parents often is not simply an adolescent issue, but that it has its roots in the child's previous developmental history. The process of detachment from parental objects or their substitutes can go on for a very long time—and even in the normal course of development continues on through adolescence into the postadolescent period. Only when the individual enters upon and can accept responsibility for adult tasks and commitments is the relationship to the primary objects finally decided and resolved. 通过这种方式，青春期冲突可以延长相当长的时间。不愿放弃对父母的依赖和爱往往不仅仅是青春期的问题，这是很容易理解的，因为它植根于孩子之前的发展历史。从父母客体或替代品中脱离出来的过程可能会持续很长时间——甚至在正常的发展过程中也会从青春期持续到青春期后期。只有当个体开始承担成年人的任务和承诺的责任时，个体与主要客体的关系才最终确定和解决。